TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
ULTIMATE NEGLIGENCE [4 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2015-10-30
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- PAJLO
- Tort Law (common law)
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- products liability
1, record 1, English, products%20liability
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A concept in the law of torts regarding the circumstances in which a manufacturer who designs and puts a product on the market is liable to the ultimate consumer to ensure that the goods so marketed are free from defects arising from negligence or lack of care on the part of the manufacturer. 2, record 1, English, - products%20liability
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- PAJLO
- Droit des délits (common law)
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- responsabilité du fait des produits
1, record 1, French, responsabilit%C3%A9%20du%20fait%20des%20produits
correct, feminine noun, standardized
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
responsabilité du fait des produits : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO). 2, record 1, French, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20du%20fait%20des%20produits
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2015-10-30
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- PAJLO
- Law of Contracts (common law)
- Tort Law (common law)
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- superseding cause
1, record 2, English, superseding%20cause
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An intervening cause that is so substantially responsible for the ultimate injury that it acts to cut off the liability of preceding actors regardless of whether their prior negligence was or was not a substantial factor in bringing about the injury complained of. 2, record 2, English, - superseding%20cause
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- PAJLO
- Droit des contrats (common law)
- Droit des délits (common law)
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- cause supplantatrice
1, record 2, French, cause%20supplantatrice
correct, feminine noun, standardized
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
cause supplantatrice : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO). 2, record 2, French, - cause%20supplantatrice
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2012-05-10
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Tort Law (common law)
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- last clear chance
1, record 3, English, last%20clear%20chance
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
- last opportunity 1, record 3, English, last%20opportunity
correct
- ultimate negligence 1, record 3, English, ultimate%20negligence
correct
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Soon a more sturdy doctrine was fashioned. It was called "last clear chance", "last opportunity" or "ultimate negligence". The seminal case was Davies v. Mann where the plaintiff negligently left his donkey on the highway with its legs tied. The defendant drove his wagon and horses negligently into the animal and killed it. Liability was imposed on the defendant, despite the contributory negligence of the plaintiff, because according to Lord Abinger the defendant might have avoided the animal with proper care. The case was later explained on the ground that the defendant was held totally responsible because he had the "last opportunity of avoiding the accident". Another rationale of the case rested on causation theory; where the defendant could have avoided the accident, he, and not the plaintiff, was the sole cause of it.... The best explanation of the last clear chance theory was that it was a technique for imposing liability on the defendant, when his negligence was relatively greater than the plaintiff's. 1, record 3, English, - last%20clear%20chance
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Droit des délits (common law)
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- règle de la dernière chance
1, record 3, French, r%C3%A8gle%20de%20la%20derni%C3%A8re%20chance
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
- règle de la dernière occasion 1, record 3, French, r%C3%A8gle%20de%20la%20derni%C3%A8re%20occasion
correct, feminine noun
- règle de la négligence ultime 1, record 3, French, r%C3%A8gle%20de%20la%20n%C3%A9gligence%20ultime
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une meilleure règle fut bientôt mise de l'avant. On l'appela la règle de la "dernière chance" ("last clear chance"), de la "dernière occasion" ou de la "négligence ultime". Elle vit le jour dans l'arrêt Davies v. Mann, dans lequel le demandeur avait, par négligence, laissé son âne sur la grande route avec les pattes attachées. Le défendeur fut imprudent, frappa l'animal avec son chariot et ses chevaux et le tua. Le défendeur fut déclaré responsable malgré le fait que le demandeur avait, par sa faute contribué à l'accident. Au dire de lord Abinger, le défendeur aurait pu éviter l'accident s'il avait pris des précautions raisonnables. On tenta plus tard de justifier cette décision en disant que le défendeur avait été tenu entièrement responsable parce que c'est lui qui "était le dernier à avoir eu l'occasion d'éviter l'accident". Une autre explication de cette décision est la théorie de la causalité : lorsque le défendeur aurait pu éviter l'accident, c'était lui, et non le demandeur, qui en était l'unique responsable. (...) La meilleure justification que l'on a apportée de cette règle de la dernière chance, c'est qu'il s'agissait d'un moyen de tenir le défendeur responsable s'il avait davantage fait preuve de négligence que le demandeur. 1, record 3, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20de%20la%20derni%C3%A8re%20chance
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2012-03-16
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- PAJLO
- Tort Law (common law)
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- causal responsibility
1, record 4, English, causal%20responsibility
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
It is often said that res ipsa loquitur applies only where the "exact" or "ultimate" cause of the accident remains unexplained. This means no more than that, once a particular act or omission by the defendant has been established as a cause of the harm, there is no longer any need for an inference as to causal responsibility and the question resolves itself simply into whether the cause thus established connotes negligence. 2, record 4, English, - causal%20responsibility
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- PAJLO
- Droit des délits (common law)
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- responsabilité causale
1, record 4, French, responsabilit%C3%A9%20causale
correct, feminine noun, standardized
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
responsabilité causale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO). 2, record 4, French, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20causale
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
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