TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A lognormal error is usually assumed in the traditional stock–recruitment(SR) analysis.... a positive bias results when [a] SR model with [a] lognormal error is used for fish recruitment prediction. Not only is this bias exponentially dependent on the structure of the model' s residual variance and the historical SR data, it is also dependent on the specific value of spawner biomass used.... a bias correction that is asymptotically unbiased with a finite-sample biasthat is practically zero [is then derived]. Data from two Pacific salmon populations, southeast Alaska pink salmon... and Chilko Lake sockeye salmon... are used to demonstrate this approach. The results show that the relative bias is about 10% for a spawning biomass within the historical range and that the bias is substantial outside that data range. However, with the proposed bias correction, the bias is negligible both within(<0. 1%) and outside of(<0. 3%) the data range.  2, record 1, English, - bias%20correction

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the mean of the squares of the individual deviations from the mean [of a population distribution].  2, record 2, English, - population%20variance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Is symbolized by sigma squared.  5, record 2, English, - population%20variance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In context, the "population variance" is often referred to as simply "variance".  5, record 2, English, - population%20variance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Mean square error is used in older documents and taken to mean variance. It should not be used in that sense.  4, record 2, English, - population%20variance

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caractéristique de dispersion d'une série statistique [de population] que l'on obtient en divisant la somme des carrés des écarts à la moyenne par le nombre N des observations [...] Sa valeur est très proche de celle de la fluctuation.  5, record 2, French, - variance%20de%20la%20population

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 DEF

On la désigne par sigma (lettre grecque minuscule) au carré ou parfois par la lettre V.  3, record 2, French, - variance%20de%20la%20population

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En pratique, on rencontre rarement le terme «variance de la population». Cette notion est presque toujours indiquée par le terme «variance» accompagné du symbole sigma au carré.  3, record 2, French, - variance%20de%20la%20population

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

«fluctuation» : La fluctuation se confond avec la variance quand le calcul de la dispersion a comme valeur centrale la moyenne arithmétique. Toutefois, le terme fluctuation a un sens générique par rapport au terme variance.  3, record 2, French, - variance%20de%20la%20population

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

variance : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  3, record 2, French, - variance%20de%20la%20population

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

varianza: término extraído del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 2, Spanish, - varianza

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The idea of giving a weight to the particles, in proportion to their likely contribution to the result being sought. This should be associated with the Russian roulette consisting of “killing” particles whose weight is too low, with a probability that is proportional to the weight, and the “duplication” or “splitting” of particles that are too heavy. It can also be sometimes of interest to replace absorptions (capture and fission) by weight charges, without stopping the particles …  3, record 3, English, - splitting%20technique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

… the optimization and quantification of particle splitting [is] a variance reduction technique that decreases the variance of a run, [sigma], or its relative error, R, while increasing its computational time, [tau]. This splitting technique is described in several papers, books, and reports. Geometry splitting associated with Russian roulette is one of the most widely used variance reduction techniques in Monte Carlo codes. When used effectively(i. e. splitting a volume in the right number of layers), this method causes a net increase in the figure of merit, FOM … [In a given example of splitting technique], an incident neutron n₀ of weight W is split at the boundary crossing into two identical neutrons n_a and n_b(same energy, direction) having half the weight of n₀. The number of split particles and their weight are given by the ratio of weight associated with each volume of the problem.  1, record 3, English, - splitting%20technique

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Splitting. Dans les calculs de propagation profonde, les effets d’angle solide font en sorte que la plupart des particules ratent la cible (qui, en général, possède des dimensions assez petites par rapport à celles de la source et aux distances en jeu) : les temps de calcul risquent alors de devenir prohibitifs. La technique du splitting, qui consiste à dédoubler en fragments de poids réduit chaque particule franchissant une surface donnée dans la direction de la cible, permet de conserver partiellement l’information de la composante de vitesse utile. Après génération, chaque fragment est suivi individuellement et peut, à son tour, subir des fragmentations. L’idée est donc de multiplier le nombre de particules, quitte à en diminuer le poids, aux environs de la cible. Chaque fragment traversant la cible fournira, alors, une contribution — réduite — à la fonction réponse recherchée. Le procédé complémentaire, la roulette russe, est appliqué aux échantillons, ou fragments d’échantillons, traversant une surface de splitting dans la mauvaise direction par rapport à la cible : une fois sur deux, on annihile la particule et l’autre fois on continue à la suivre avec un poids multiplié par deux. On génère ainsi une population éparse de particules lourdes loin de la cible.  1, record 3, French, - technique%20du%20splitting

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In regression analysis and analysis of variance, that part of the variability of the dependent variable which is attributed to chance or experimental error, namely, that part of the variability of the dependent variable which is not attributed to specific sources of variation.  3, record 4, English, - residual%20variance

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] variations résiduelles, c'est-à-dire, [...] ce qui subsiste quand on a retranché de la dispersion totale la part provenant des f.c. [facteurs contrôlés]  3, record 4, French, - variance%20r%C3%A9siduelle

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure of total error defined as the square root of the sum of the variance and the square of the bias.  2, record 5, English, - root%2Dmean%2Dsquare%20deviation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Overall inaccuracy of reading: the overall inaccuracy of reading of machines with continuous (analogue) indication or printing is equal to the root mean square deviation (standard deviation) of the readings of one and the same continuous (analogue) indication or printing, carried out under normal conditions of use by several observers.  7, record 5, English, - root%2Dmean%2Dsquare%20deviation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is a statistical measure of dispersion.  6, record 5, English, - root%2Dmean%2Dsquare%20deviation

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure de la dispersion d'un ensemble de données par rapport à leur moyenne, que l'on obtient en calculant la racine carrée de la somme des carrés des différences entre chacune des données et leur moyenne arithmétique.  5, record 5, French, - %C3%A9cart%2Dtype

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'écart-type (déviation standard) [...] est un indice de variabilité; il est égal à la racine carrée de la moyenne arithmétique des écarts individuels (x) élevés au carré : [...]  1, record 5, French, - %C3%A9cart%2Dtype

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Imprécision globale de lecture : l'imprécision globale de lecture des instruments à indication ou à impression continue est égale à (écart type) entre les lectures effectuées dans les conditions normales d'usage par plusieurs observateurs d'une même indication ou impression continue.  3, record 5, French, - %C3%A9cart%2Dtype

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Medida de la dispersión de una distribución de frecuencia. Se obtiene extrayendo la raíz cuadrada de la media aritmética de los cuadrados de la desviación de cada una de las frecuencias de clase a partir de la media aritmética de la distribución de frecuencia.  4, record 5, Spanish, - desviaci%C3%B3n%20est%C3%A1ndar

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

desviación típica; desviación cuadrática media: términos extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  5, record 5, Spanish, - desviaci%C3%B3n%20est%C3%A1ndar

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the variance of the error term is constant across all observations, this condition is called homoscedasticity.  1, record 6, English, - homoscedasticity

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un modèle économétrique, hypothèse qui implique une dispersion identique des termes d'erreurs aléatoires.  2, record 6, French, - homosc%C3%A9dasticit%C3%A9

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A condition in regression analysis where the variance of the error term is not constant across observations.  2, record 7, English, - heteroscedasticity

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un modèle économétrique, hypothèse qui stipule que les distributions de probabilité des erreurs sont différentes les unes des autres.  1, record 7, French, - h%C3%A9t%C3%A9rosc%C3%A9dasticit%C3%A9

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estimate whose error variance converges to zero as fast as is mathematically possible.  2, record 8, English, - efficient%20estimate

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the average of the squared distance between the estimate and the parameter.  4, record 9, English, - mean%20square%20error

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A measure of the error to which one is exposed by the use of an estimator, which is given by the expected value of the squared difference between the estimator and a(theoretically) correct value. For unbiased estimators, the mean square error equals the variance.  6, record 9, English, - mean%20square%20error

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The square root of the mean square error [derived from variate values]  1, record 10, English, - root%2Dmean%2Dsquare%20error

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mean square error: ... the average of the squared distance between the estimate and the parameter.  3, record 10, English, - root%2Dmean%2Dsquare%20error

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A measure of the error to which one is exposed by the use of an estimator, which is given by the expected value of the squared difference between the estimator and a(theoretically) correct value. For unbiased estimators, the mean square error equals the variance.  1, record 10, English, - root%2Dmean%2Dsquare%20error

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'erreur type est l'écart type d'une distribution d'échantillonnage d'une mesure obtenue à partir de calculs effectués sur un échantillon.  2, record 10, French, - erreur%2Dtype

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We consider the kernel estimator of conditional density and derive its asymptotic bias, variance and mean-square error.  1, record 11, English, - conditional%20density

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le coefficient, mesuré par la densité conditionnelle de probabilité de distribution de T, encore appelé quotient instantané ou «hazard function».  1, record 11, French, - densit%C3%A9%20conditionnelle

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Comparing models... gives some indication of the sensitivity of the signal model to changes in 02c, the innovation variance of the sampling error model... ", Survey Methodology, 16-2, Bell & Hillmer, section 5. 3) innovations=the one step ahead prediction errors.  1, record 12, English, - innovation%20variance

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(une étape à l'avance).  1, record 12, French, - variance%20des%20r%C3%A9sidus

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"innovations" se rend par "résidus" (source : Statistique Canada, publication n° 12-564).  1, record 12, French, - variance%20des%20r%C3%A9sidus

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When reliability is measured by the test-retest method, a coefficient of stability is obtained. This reliability coefficient measures error variance due to temporal variations in characteristics of the examinee, as well as variation in conditions of test administration.... the interval between tests should be at least several days so that the student's memory of his answers does not spuriously increase the consistency of scores. However, the time interval should not exceed two or three weeks because we are trying to measure stability of student performance on the test, than the stability of the interest, ability or personality trait measured.  1, record 13, English, - test%2Dretest%20method

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Méthode test-retest. On applique le même test aux mêmes sujets après un certain intervalle de temps. La corrélation entre les deux séries de notes est un coefficient de fidélité particulier appelé coefficient de stabilité; il mesure la stabilité de la note d'un sujet pendant un certain intervalle de temps. En général, plus l'intervalle est important, plus la fidélité que l'on apprécie ainsi est faible.  3, record 13, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20test%2Dretest

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procedures have been developed to give asymptotically unbiased estimates of error variance where data periodicity is shorter than contract length.  1, record 14, English, - data%20periodicity

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des méthodes ont été mises au point dans le but de produire des estimations asymptotiquement «non biaisées» de la variance d'erreur quand la périodicité des données est plus brève que la durée des contrats.  1, record 14, French, - p%C3%A9riodicit%C3%A9%20des%20donn%C3%A9es

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish