TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model based on sample data, known as "training data, "in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so. Machine learning algorithms are used in a wide variety of applications, such as email filtering and computer vision, where it is difficult or infeasible to develop conventional algorithms to perform the needed tasks.  2, record 1, English, - machine%20learning%20algorithm

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En général, deux grands types d'algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique sont utilisés aujourd'hui : l'apprentissage supervisé et l'apprentissage non supervisé. La différence entre les deux est définie par la manière dont chacun apprend sur les données pour faire des prédictions.  1, record 1, French, - algorithme%20d%27apprentissage%20automatique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... knowledge acquisition involving no transformations or processing of the information received.  2, record 2, English, - rote%20learning

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Forms of rote learning include learning by being programmed and learning by memorisation.  2, record 2, English, - rote%20learning

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Apprentissage automatique par simple enregistrement en mémoire, sans inférence, sans transformation.  3, record 2, French, - apprentissage%20par%20c%26oelig%3Bur

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le niveau 2 (de l'apprentissage) correspond à l'apprentissage par cœur : toutes les situations sont mémorisées avec l'action à entreprendre en face de chacune d'elles. Le système peut être ici conditionné à la Pavlov : il reçoit une punition si, en face d'une situation nouvelle, il ne trouve pas la bonne action et une récompense sinon.  4, record 2, French, - apprentissage%20par%20c%26oelig%3Bur

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'apprentissage par mémorisation [...] se caractérise par l'absence d'inférence. L'information est stockée telle quelle, sans transformation. Cette catégorie inclut l'apprentissage par programmation qui demeure la stratégie la plus importante d'acquisition d'information pour tout tutoriel.  2, record 2, French, - apprentissage%20par%20c%26oelig%3Bur

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

L'apprentissage «par cœur» [...] c'est facile à programmer. Il suffit d'enregistrer toute nouvelle expérience et cela fonctionne bien compte tenu de certaines caractéristiques typiques des systèmes informatiques [...]  5, record 2, French, - apprentissage%20par%20c%26oelig%3Bur

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

instruction utilizing a workbook, textbook, or mechanical and/or electronic device programmed to help pupils attain a specified level of performance by (a) providing instruction in small steps, (b) asking one or more questions about each step in the instruction and providing instant knowledge of whether each answer is right or wrong, and (c) enabling pupils to progress at their own pace, either individually through self-pacing or as a team through group pacing.  5, record 3, English, - programmed%20instruction

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Programmed instruction uses teaching machines, computers, or books printed in such a way as to perform some of the functions of teaching machines. The subject matter is presented in a sequence of short units or frames, each containing information and a question that must be answered before moving to the next frame.  6, record 3, English, - programmed%20instruction

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also the record "programmed learning. "  7, record 3, English, - programmed%20instruction

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode d'instruction consistant dans un système de questions graduées avec contrôle immédiat de la réponse, la bonne réponse étant requise pour bien répondre à la question suivante.  5, record 3, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Enseignement réalisé à l'aide de supports recevant des programmes consistant en des ensembles de règles, questions, exemples, exercices [...] allant par degrés de notions et de concepts connus à des concepts et notions inconnus. Il répond aux principes fondamentaux suivants : enseignement individualisé, progression par petites étapes, réponse, correction immédiate et renforcement de la réponse, respect du rythme individuel de l'élève.  6, record 3, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ordinateur a été surtout utilisé comme un support particulièrement adapté de l'enseignement programmé.  7, record 3, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les étapes de l 'enseignement programmé sont souvent parcourues à l'aide d'instruments ou de machines qui, automatiquement, présentent une à une les questions.  3, record 3, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The outcome has been that the combined approach, programmed learning, has been taken by many to be that of all computer-assisted learning.  3, record 4, English, - outcome

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manière [...] dont une chose arrive à son terme.  3, record 4, French, - d%C3%A9nouement

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

All the components of a specific unit of programmed instruction, including the instructional materials, learning aids, instructor guide or manual, pre-and post-tests, validation data, description of intended student population, and learning objectives.  1, record 5, English, - programmed%20instruction%20package

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The term usually applied to manuscript or typescript, as distinct from cartographic, audiovisual, and machine-readable records and archives.  5, record 6, English, - textual%20record

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We will consider the materials used in individualized learning under three broad headings : textual materials, audiovisual materials, and computer-based materials.... Textual materials [include] conventional textbooks,... structured hand-out notes,... textual programmed materials.  3, record 6, English, - textual%20record

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Postlethwait audio-tutorial method began in 1961 at Purdue University. ... Taped material was related to textbook material, practical work and a laboratory manual.  4, record 6, English, - textual%20record

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les documents textuels correspondant à l'acte de lire, le texte pouvant être : écrit à la main (manuscrit), tapé à la machine (dactylographié), photocopié ou imprimé [...]  2, record 6, French, - document%20textuel

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Programmed learning. Derived from B. F. Skinner. Learners are given limited amount of information and proceed at their own pace from one content chunk to the next as they respond to prompts. Correct answers are rewarded, incorrect answers are corrected with immediate feedback.  3, record 8, English, - programmed%20learning

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Méthode d'enseignement] incluant une multitude de questions et dont les réponses sont accompagnées de renforcements au fur et à mesure de la progression de l'apprentissage.  3, record 8, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'enseignement programmé favorise une approche individualisée, où l'élève est au centre de son apprentissage et peut aller à son rythme. Cette formule pédagogique permet d'utiliser les TIC [technologies de l'information et de la communication] principalement comme outil de consultation et comme exerciseur. L'élève doit en effet consulter un certain nombre de documents avant de réaliser des exercices sur l'ordinateur qui lui permettent d'avancer dans le scénario.  4, record 8, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Remplacé par l'enseignement intelligemment assisté par ordinateur.  5, record 8, French, - enseignement%20programm%C3%A9

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método de instrucción que usa un material de exposición junto con preguntas acopladas a la lógica de bifurcación para fines remediales.  2, record 8, Spanish, - aprendizaje%20programado

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El aprendizaje programado se ha aplicado en libros llamados textos programados o en las computadoras (ordenadores) como instrucción asistida por la computadora (ordenador).  2, record 8, Spanish, - aprendizaje%20programado

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although its approach is not tied to any domain, LOGO is mainly known for its applications in the exploratory learning of mathematics. In particular, the programmable "turtle" for the study of geometry has become famous. The turtle is a simple wheeled device bearing a pen, which can be programmed to move across a sheet of paper to draw geometrical figures. The idea is that a child who can discover how to program the turtle to draw, say, a triangle gains a very practical notion of what a triangle is. However, the use of the turtle is not limited to such simple geometrical concepts, and its power to "verify" concepts has been exploited to give students a personal experience of very advanced mathematical concepts(Abelson and diSessa, 2980). Now that LOGO has become fairly widespread, its concepts have found many application domains beyond mathematics.  3, record 9, English, - exploratory%20learning

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour être un bon minimaliste, il faut produire un manuel le plus court possible, incluant uniquement les informations nécessaires quand elles le sont (just-in-time learning). [...] Le bon minimaliste doit également favoriser l'apprentissage exploratoire, c'est-à-dire laisser l'apprenant découvrir seul les fonctionnalités du système et progresser par essais-erreurs.  2, record 9, French, - apprentissage%20exploratoire

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A general term for ... learning that takes place in a systematic, highly-structured manner, generally in a step-by-step fashion with feedback taking place between steps.  3, record 10, English, - programmed%20learning

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Programmed learning is efficient for individual training. Research tends to show that it is effective in training the individual employee.  4, record 10, English, - programmed%20learning

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'expression «apprentissage programmé» tend à remplacer «enseignement programmé», car elle met mieux en relief le travail de l'élève.  2, record 10, French, - apprentissage%20programm%C3%A9

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

autoinstructional methods :programmed instruction, programmed learning, automated teaching, use of self-instructional materials, etc.  3, record 11, English, - auto%2Dinstructional%20method

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are many programmed books, but the main effect of programmed learning has been to initiate new thinking in the preparation and presentation of learning materials.  3, record 12, English, - programmed%20book

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Livre] organisé de telle façon que les données à apprendre ont été ordonnées en une série de degrés successifs, allant des notions et concepts familiers aux notions et aux concepts nouveaux. Il se présente différemment du livre brouillé parce qu'il permet à l'élève de progresser comme dans un livre ordinaire en allant d'une page à la suivante.  3, record 12, French, - livre%20programm%C3%A9

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les manuels programmés se présentent extérieurement comme un livre ordinaire. [...] Dans les manuels programmés selon une technique linéaire, les pages sont divisées en bandes contenant chacune un élément du programme.  2, record 12, French, - livre%20programm%C3%A9

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Forms of rote learning include learning by being programmed and learning by memorisation.  1, record 13, English, - learning%20by%20being%20programmed

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le niveau 1 (de l'apprentissage) est simplement l'apprentissage programmé : un code commande ce qui doit être fait. Tous les programmes habituels d'ordinateur sont dans ce cas, ainsi que la plupart des robots industriels pour lesquels le bras d'un ouvrier, par exemple, guide une fois pour toutes, les mouvements à exécuter pour peindre une voiture : le robot les imitera ensuite strictement [...].  1, record 13, French, - apprentissage%20programm%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A piece of programmed instruction, presented in the form of a text - eg. a book, as opposed to presentation by a teaching machine.  3, record 14, English, - programmed%20text

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Printed teaching or instructional material presented step by step in a manner that adapts to the responses and needs of individual student.  4, record 14, English, - programmed%20text

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 DEF

a set of programmed learning materials produced in the form of a printed text.  5, record 14, English, - programmed%20text

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Acoustics ... refers to the entire science of sound, including its generation, transmission, absorption, and control.  1, record 15, English, - sound%20production

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There are many applications of computers to music teaching, including programmed learning and microcomputer-based sound generation....  3, record 15, English, - sound%20production

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Science du son, l'acoustique en étudie la production, la transmission, la détection et les effets.  1, record 15, French, - production%20des%20sons

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A course in which student progress is assessed on the basis of the rate at which they learn rather than on how well they have mastered a skill or subject matter in a fixed period of time.  2, record 16, English, - self%2Dpaced%20course

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

programmed learning : educational technique... associated with the use of teaching machines... whereby the student is able to learn at his own pace....  3, record 16, English, - self%2Dpaced%20course

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans l'enseignement programmé, cours que l'étudiant adapte à son propre rythme.  3, record 16, French, - cours%20%C3%A0%20progression%20autocontr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette possibilité grandissante d'adaptabilité au rythme d'acquisition de chacun [...] va de pair avec une modernisation toujours plus coûteuse de l'enseignement.  4, record 16, French, - cours%20%C3%A0%20progression%20autocontr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] un système éducatif où la plus grande partie de l'enseignement reposerait sur l'ordinateur [...] permettrait [...] un enseignement idéal [...] adapté [...] au rythme et aux capacités de chacun.  5, record 16, French, - cours%20%C3%A0%20progression%20autocontr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first application of Skinner's research to the classroom situation came in the form of linear programmed learning. In this type of programmed learning, the subject matter is broken down into a sequence of small steps... logically following upon one another. Each of the steps represents only a very small part of the concept or skill to be taught.... each step contains a certain amount of information and requires the student to respond to a question about the information, while the small size of the step practically guarantees the correctness of the desired response.  2, record 17, English, - small%20step

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'enseignement programmé présente plusieurs caractéristiques qui le différencient des méthodes traditionnelles d'enseignement. Vous avez déjà appris l'un de ces principes. Ce principe est que l'élève apprend mieux s'il procède par petites étapes.  3, record 17, French, - petite%20%C3%A9tape

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Enseignement programmé. (...) Il répond aux principes fondamentaux suivants : enseignement individualisé, progression par petites étapes, réponse, correction immédiate et renforcement de la réponse, respect du rythme individuel de l'élève.  4, record 17, French, - petite%20%C3%A9tape

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Decision anticipated by a human teacher and programmed or stored in educational software, in case the student-user will make it during a learning session.  2, record 18, English, - preprogrammed%20decision

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See also programmed learning and preprogramming.  2, record 18, English, - preprogrammed%20decision

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir préprogrammé, entrée préprogrammée.  1, record 18, French, - d%C3%A9cision%20pr%C3%A9programm%C3%A9e

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the strength of a stimuli is high enough-as measured by the programmed threshold-the response cell will recognize it. If it is not strong enough, the response cell will ignore it. The threshold can be automatically changed by the program; this is the learning part of the system.  1, record 19, English, - learning%20part

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Elément qui, prenant en considération le diagnostic de l'élément du cutique, décide quels composants de l'élément de performance sont responsables de l'imperfection des résultats obtenus et donc des connaissances ou des mécanismes qui doivent être modifiés (améliorés).  1, record 19, French, - %C3%A9l%C3%A9ment%20d%27apprentissage

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish