TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solution of DNA molecules of different lengths used in agarose gel electrophoresis as a reference to estimate the size of unknown DNA [fragments].  2, record 1, English, - DNA%20ladder

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Different DNA ladders are commercially available depending on expected DNA length. The 1kbp [kilo base pairs] ladder with fragments ranging from about 0.5 kbp to 10 or 12 kbp and the 100 bp [base pairs] ladder with fragments ranging from 100 bp to just above 1000 bp are the most frequent. DNA ladders are often produced by a suitable restriction digest of a plasmid. There are special DNA ladders for supercoiled DNA and RNA.  2, record 1, English, - DNA%20ladder

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La taille des fragments d'ADN est estimée par comparaison avec un marqueur de taille connue (selon les expériences, on a utilisé le «100bp DNA ladder» ou le «lambda-HindIII ladder» de Promega).  3, record 1, French, - marqueur%20de%20taille

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A pratical solution to the problem associated with the unknown contact impedance, is to isolate the two electrode functions such that an electrode is not simultaneously used for passing current and measuring voltage. For each measurement, we therefore have two discrete electrode pairs, one for passing current into the region(which shall be called drive pair), and a second for measuring the boundary voltage(known as the receive pair).  1, record 2, English, - discrete%20electrode

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Électrodes spéciales [qui] tempèrent le champ électrique radial et contribuent ainsi à réduire fortement le nombre de claquages.  1, record 2, French, - %C3%A9lectrode%20discr%C3%A8te

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most widely used method in the laboratory is the immiscible solvent extraction. This involves dissolution of the unknown in a suitable organic solvent and addition of water to this solution. The resulting liquid will separate into an aqueous and an organic phase.  1, record 3, English, - organic%20phase

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les produits minéraux [...] resteront en phase aqueuse alors que les produits organiques passeront dans la phase supérieure organique.  1, record 3, French, - phase%20organique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A procedure by which an analytical result is found by graphical or numerical(usually linear) interpolation between measure of two reference solutions, one having a slightly lower, and the other a slightly higher analyte concentration than the unknown sample solution.  1, record 4, English, - bracketing%20technique

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] méthode par laquelle le résultat d'analyse est trouvé par interpolation graphique ou numérique (généralement linéaire) entre les résultats de mesure de deux solutions de référence dont l'une a une concentration en produit à analyser légèrement inférieure et l'autre légèrement supérieure à celle de la solution de l'échantillon inconnu.  1, record 4, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27encadrement

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An important subset of procedural simulations is diagnosis simulation. Here, the student is presented with a problem to solve, and must follow a set of procedures to determine the solution. Typical of these simulations are medical situations in which the student must diagnose a patient's problems and prescribe appropriate treatment. Other simulations involve diagnosing electronic or automotive faults, or identifying unknown substances.  1, record 5, English, - diagnosis%20simulation

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les simulations permettent d'acquérir des habiletés et des connaissances par des expériences de substitution. [...] Simulation méthodologique et diagnostique : permettant de comprendre des renseignements au sujet de méthodes de travail ou de modes de fonctionnement.  1, record 5, French, - simulation%20diagnostique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A titration in which an acid of known concentration is added to a solution of base of unknown concentration, or the converse.  3, record 6, English, - acid%2Dbase%20titration

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In acid-base titrations, changes in pH can be detected by indicators such as methyl orange, phenolphthalein, etc. Litmus paper can also be used as a rough indication of acidity or alkalinity.  4, record 6, English, - acid%2Dbase%20titration

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Applications du pH. Le ph a une grande importance dans des domaines très variés. On peut étudier les variations du pH au cours des titrages acides-bases, l'influence de l'acidité sur les complexes [...], sur les systèmes redox [...]  1, record 6, French, - titrage%20acide%2Dbase

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish