TERMIUM Plus®

The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.

HORIZONTAL SCALE [33 records]

Record 1 2020-07-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Air Pollution
  • Pollutants
  • Climatology
CONT

Tropospheric aerosols vary significantly in amount and composition by region, with a characteristic horizontal spatial scale of variation ranging from 1 km to a few thousand kilometers. Notable examples of regionally defined tropospheric aerosol types are marine aerosol, industrial haze, desert dust, and smoke from biomass combustion.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pollution de l'air
  • Agents de pollution
  • Climatologie

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2016-12-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • General Scientific and Technical Vocabulary

French

Domaine(s)
  • Vocabulaire technique et scientifique général

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 2016-03-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Navigation Instruments
  • Flight Instruments and Equipment (Aeroindustry)
DEF

An integral multicolor map display of an airplane's position combined with a color weather radar display, with a scale selected by the pilot, together with information on wind direction and velocity, horizontal situation, and deviation from the planned vertical path.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments de navigation
  • Instruments et équipement de bord (Constructions aéronautiques)
CONT

EHSI: L'EHSI fournit au pilote l'affichage des données de navigation sous forme de cartographie.

Spanish

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Record 4 2016-02-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Physical Geography (General)
DEF

A composite slotted templet adjustable in scale and representative of the horizontal plot of a stereoscopic model. An assembly of stereotemplets provides a means of aerotriangulation for horizontal positions with a stereoscopic plotting instrument not designed for bridging.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Géographie physique (Généralités)

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 2016-02-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Engineering Tests and Reliability
  • Metallurgy - General
CONT

In the Charpy impact test, a notched specimen is supported as a simple beam and is fractured by a single blow. [The] standard pendulum-type Charpy impact-testing machine [is] used..... The specimen is placed on the anvils in the horizontal position. [The] specimen is broken with a single blow delivered by the pendulum from a raised position, and the energy absorbed is read directly from the scale.

OBS

The general features of [the Izod impact-testing machine] are the same as those for the Charpy impact-testing machine ....

French

Domaine(s)
  • Fiabilité, contrôle et essais (Ingénierie)
  • Métallurgie générale
CONT

Un essai de résilience a pour but de déterminer la ténacité d'un métal, c'est-à-dire sa résistance au choc. Celle-ci est mesurée par l'énergie nécessaire pour provoquer la rupture d'un échantillon. On appelle cette énergie de rupture la résilience. [L'appareil] utilisé est le mouton-pendule de Charpy.

Spanish

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Record 6 2014-12-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Art History and Theory
  • Painting (Arts)
DEF

A description most commonly applied to the work of a generation of American painters... Field painters treat the picture surface as a continuous or extended plane, the whole picture is regarded as a single unit so that figure and ground tend to be given equal value. Colour-Field painters replace tonal contrasts and brushwork by solid areas of colour which extend, in most cases, across the canvas from edge to edge.... Colour is liberated, in this type of painting, from any limitation imposed by internal forms or structure.... most Colour-Field painters work on a monumental horizontal scale and their canvases are intended to be viewed at close quarters...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Histoire et théorie de l'art
  • Peinture (Arts)
CONT

[...] les peintres de l'Abstraction chromatique entreprirent d'explorer les possibilités expressives de la couleur. À cette fin, ils éliminèrent de leurs toiles non seulement tout dessin et jusqu'au plus petit rappel de forme, mais aussi tout rapport ou contraste de valeurs, de manière à privilégier la couleur considérée en elle-même, dans sa propre substance et répandue à cette fin en de larges nappes unifiées. [...] l'œuvre s'identifiait entièrement à son support et n'existait plus qu'en fonction des bords mêmes de la toile, les champs colorés devenant indissociables du champ pictural lui-même. D'où [...] l'importance des grands formats [...]

Spanish

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Record 7 2014-10-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radar, Radio Guidance and Goniometry
  • Remote Sensing
CONT

Slant-range scale distortion occurs because the radar is measuring the distance to features in slant-range rather than the true horizontal distance along the ground. This results in a varying image scale, moving from near to far range.

Key term(s)
  • slant range scale distorsion
  • slant-range distorsion

French

Domaine(s)
  • Radar, radioguidage et radiogoniométrie
  • Télédétection

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Guía radárica, radioguía y radiogoniometría
  • Teledetección
Save record 7

Record 8 2013-01-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cartography
DEF

A templet representative of the horizontal plot of two adjacent stereoscopic models that have been adjusted to a common scale.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Cartographie
OBS

plaque de triangulation stéréoscopique : Plaque en matière transparente correspondant à une photographie issue de la préparation planimétrique d'une triangulation stéréoscopique.

Spanish

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Record 9 2011-11-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Radio Waves
  • Radioelectricity
CONT

The scale of turbulence in the horizontal dimension is different from the scale of turbulence in the vertical dimension. The frequency dependence of the scattered radiation is the same for anisotropic large-scale turbulence as for isotropic.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Ondes radioélectriques
  • Radioélectricité

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 2011-05-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cartography
DEF

The ratio of distances on a map to the horizontal distance to which it corresponds in nature.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Cartographie
DEF

Valeur de l'échelle reconnue pour représenter des distances converties à l'horizontale.

Spanish

Save record 10

Record 11 2010-03-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Weather Stations and Meteorological Instruments and Equipment
OBS

Profile-In meteorology, a graph of the value of a scalar quantity versus a horizontal, vertical, or time scale. It usually refers to a vertical representation.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Stations, instruments et équipements météorologiques
OBS

Profil du vent [:] Représentation graphique de la variation de la vitesse du vent en fonction de la hauteur ou de la distance.

OBS

Propositions du terminologue acceptées par J.-M. Nicholo, Service des langues officielles, Division de l'Environnement atmosphérique, Environnement Canada, Toronto.

Spanish

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Record 12 2010-03-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Modelling (Mathematics)
  • Weather Stations and Meteorological Instruments and Equipment
CONT

The ocean state estimate products are derived on a global scale from the C-HOPE Model, which involves a telescoping grid with high horizontal resolution in the Arctic and North Atlantic Ocean.

CONT

... the SLOSH [Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes] ... model was designed in a universal sense that does not require specialised calibration for runs in any basin with any tropical cyclone. An example of a basin and its attendant, polar, telescoping grid for Biscayne Bay, Florida, is provided in Fig. 4.7a ...

Key term(s)
  • telescoping nested grid

French

Domaine(s)
  • Modélisation (Mathématique)
  • Stations, instruments et équipements météorologiques
CONT

La solution classique a été de construire des modèles à grilles télescopées ou emboîtées, [...]

Spanish

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Record 13 2009-05-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mathematical Geography
  • Cartography
DEF

Enlarging the vertical component on a profile, relief model, or block diagram to make it more apparent.

CONT

Vertical exaggeration(VE) is a scale that is used in raised-relief maps, plans and technical drawings... The exaggeration is used to emphasize vertical features, which might be too small to identify relative to the horizontal scale.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Géographie mathématique
  • Cartographie
CONT

Le rapport de ces deux échelles : échelle des hauteurs [sur] échelle planimétrique supérieur à l'unité, s'appelle : exhaussement ou amplification du relief.

CONT

Une carte en relief est une carte imprimée sur un support plastique (souvent du PVC) qui est thermoformé afin de lui faire épouser les formes du relief de la région cartographiée. Selon les régions, il peut y avoir une exagération du relief, parfois jusqu'à un facteur 10 entre échelle alimétrique et échelle planimétrique sur certaines cartes [...]

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 2007-11-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Measuring Instruments
  • Grain Growing
  • Milling and Cereal Industries
DEF

[A] type of rod check designed to limit horizontal displacement of the scale hopper or load receiving element in any direction.

OBS

Term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Appareils de mesure
  • Culture des céréales
  • Minoterie et céréales
DEF

Type de tige conçu pour limiter le déplacement horizontal de la trémie de pesée ou le déplacement en toute direction de l'élément récepteur de charge.

OBS

Terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.

Spanish

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Record 15 2004-10-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
DEF

The effective length of the lateral distance between the region of disturbance generation and its outermost extent: LR = (gh)1/2f, where f is the Coriolis parameter; g, the acceleration due to gravity; and h, the height.

CONT

Rossby deformation radius is used both in theoretical studies and observations of large and medium scale processes, to determine the horizontal dimensions of a phenomenon.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
DEF

Longueur effective de la distance latérale entre la région génératrice de dépressions et son étendue extrême, exprimée par : LR = (gh)1/2f, où f est le paramètre de Coriolis; g, l'accélération de la pesanteur; et h, la hauteur.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física de la atmósfera
DEF

Longitud efectiva de la distancia lateral entre la región de producción de la perturbación y su amplitud más externa: LR = (gh)1/2f, en donde f es el parámetro de Coriolis; g es la aceleración de la gravedad; y h es la altura.

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Record 16 2004-05-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Aerial-Photography Prospecting
  • Forestry Operations
DEF

The use of control points that are identifiable on aerial photographs, to provide the scale(horizontal control) and height data(vertical control) necessary for mapping from such photographs.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Prospection par photographie aérienne
  • Exploitation forestière
DEF

Détermination au sol de points de contrôle terrestre qui sont identifiables à la fois sur des photographies aériennes et sur le terrain et qui vont servir de base à un levé photogrammétrique.

OBS

Le canevas peut être tridimensionnel. Il peut être également soit planimétrique (position et échelle), soit altimétrique (nivellement). Ces deux vérifications s'appellent contrôle ou appui horizontal et contrôle ou appui vertical.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Prospección con ayuda de fotografía aérea
  • Explotación forestal
DEF

Puntos del suelo cuya posición planimétrica o altimétrica conocemos en la fotografía aérea.

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Record 17 2004-05-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Weather Stations and Meteorological Instruments and Equipment
DEF

Nephoscope in which the image of the clouds produced by a mirror is observed.

CONT

The mirror nephoscope consists essentially of a horizontal disk of black glass engraved with concentric circles. A vertical pointer adjustable to various known heights is mounted on the rim of the instrument. The pointer is so placed by the observer that the image of the cloud under observation is in line with the pointer and the centre of the disk. The image is kept in line with the pointer as it moves, and the direction of motion is read off from a scale on the rim of the circle. Another type of mirror nephoscope has a mirror on which the only marking is a centre point.

OBS

nephoscope: An instrument for determining the direction of cloud motion. There are two basic designs of nephoscope: the direct-vision nephoscope and the mirror nephoscope. Also called nepheloscope.

OBS

There are several types of nephoscope: the comb nephoscope developed by Besson; the mirror nephoscope developed by Finemann; and the grid nephoscope, a variation on the comb modified by the Norwegians.

OBS

In one source, the Finemann nephoscope is "a mirror nephoscope developed by Finemann". In the other source, Fineman nephoscope is an "adaptation of the mirror nephoscope". Compare Fineman nephoscope.

Key term(s)
  • mirror nepheloscope
  • reflection nepheloscope
  • reflecting nepheloscope
  • cloud nepheloscope

French

Domaine(s)
  • Stations, instruments et équipements météorologiques
DEF

Néphoscope dans lequel on observe l'image des nuages donnée par un miroir.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Estaciones, instrumentos y equipos meteorológicos
DEF

Nefoscopio en que las imágenes de las nubes se reflejan sobre un espejo.

Save record 17

Record 18 2004-01-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
DEF

Downburst with a small lateral extent, about 1 to 4 km, and lasting only a short time.

CONT

The microburst has a strong downflow descending very close to the ground. The ground turns the vertical winds into horizontal winds. The maximum horizontal extent of a microburst is on the order of 4 km in diameter but can be less than 1 km in diameter. Despite this small scale, an intense microburst can induce horizontal wind radials as high as 160 km/h.

OBS

microburst: term officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
DEF

microrafale : Rafale descendante de diamètre inférieur à 4 kilomètres et de durée comprise entre 2 et 5 minutes.

CONT

La microrafale est caractérisée par un fort courant descendant qui arrive très près du sol. En se rapprochant du sol, le vent vertical devient un vent horizontal. Le diamètre maximal de la microrafale est de l'ordre de 4 km, mais il arrive qu'il soit inférieur à 1 km. Malgré cette petite échelle, une microrafale de forte intensité produit des vents horizontaux pouvant atteindre 160 km/h.

OBS

microrafale : terme uniformisé par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).

Key term(s)
  • micro-rafale
  • micro-rafale descendante

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física de la atmósfera
DEF

Fuerte corriente descendente de poca extensión lateral, alrededor de 1 a 4 km, que dura un brevísimo período.

OBS

microrráfaga: término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).

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Record 19 2003-09-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • The Earth (Astronomy)
  • Space Physics
DEF

Lowest level in the atmosphere at which the mean free path of the gas particles is long enough for them to travel appreciable distances without suffering a collision; some of the particles are then able to escape from the Earth’s gravitational field if travelling at a sufficient speed.

CONT

The base of the exosphere is called the critical level of escape because, in the absence of collisions, lighter, faster-moving atoms such as hydrogen and helium may attain velocities that allow them to escape the planet’s gravitational field. Most molecules, however, have velocities considerably lower than the escape velocity, so their rate of escape to outer space is quite low.

OBS

Critical level of escape... is also the level at which the horizontal mean free path of atmospheric particle equals the scale height of the atmosphere.

OBS

The height of the critical level, which can vary from 500 to 1000 km, is strongly dependent on the temperature of the upper thermosphere, and varies diurnally and with the level of solar activity.

OBS

This level marks the base of the exosphere.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
  • Terre (Astronomie)
  • Physique spatiale
DEF

Niveau de l'atmosphère à partir duquel le libre parcours moyen des molécules de gaz est assez grand pour leur permettre un déplacement appréciable sans collision; certaines peuvent donc s'échapper du champ gravitationnel terrestre si elles se déplacent à une vitesse suffisante.

CONT

L'exosphère est la dernière couche d'atmosphère terrestre qui se situe au-dessus de la thermosphère. Cette couche se définie comme la région de l'atmosphère où les collisions entre particules sont rares, considérées comme négligeables. Les atomes s'y comportent librement, certains s'échappent même dans l'espace. La base de l'exosphère (l'exobase) se situe entre 350 et 800 km d'altitude suivant la température à la thermopause, qui est liée à l'activité solaire. L'hélium et l'hydrogène y sont les éléments prépondérants. Elle s'étend jusqu'à la limite extrême de l'atmosphère, soit 50 000 kilomètres. On ne trouve plus là que quelques atomes d'hydrogène.

CONT

L'exobase est située à environ 500 à 600 km d'altitude.

OBS

Ce niveau est la base de l'exosphère.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Física de la atmósfera
  • Tierra (Astronomía)
  • Física espacial
DEF

Nivel más bajo de la atmósfera en el que el recorrido libre medio de las partículas gaseosas es tan grande que pueden moverse a través de distancias considerables sin chocar; entonces algunas partículas pueden escapar del campo gravitatorio terrestre si se mueven con la suficiente velocidad vertical.

OBS

Este nivel marca la base de la exosfera.

Save record 19

Record 20 2002-02-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Meteorological Forecasting, Data Measurement and Analysis
  • Scientific Measurements and Analyses
DEF

Natural horizontal length scale for atmospheric dynamics; the product of gravity wave speed and rotation.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Prévisions météorologiques et mesure et analyse des données
  • Mesures et analyse (Sciences)
CONT

D'un point de vue conceptuel, l'approche lagrangienne permet d'attribuer à certains traits spécifiques du champ de grande échelle de déformation et d'accélération, la croissance très rapide de l'erreur en des régions sensibles de l'écoulement.

Spanish

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Record 21 1999-10-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Industrial Design
  • Architectural Drafting and Tools
DEF

A method of pictorial drawing which shows a building or other object in three dimensions. The plan is set up to scale to a true angle of either 45 degrees or of 30 degrees and 60 degrees; and vertical are also drawn to scale; but by this method diagonals and curves are distorted.

DEF

A geometrical design showing an object in three views, similar to an isometric, the difference being, the true plan is set at any convenient angle instead of a 30° angle. When this method is used, all horizontal and vertical dimensions are to scale, but diagonals and curves are distorted.

DEF

A three dimensional representation of an architectural drawing in which all parallel lines remain parallel and to scale, unlike a perspective, the lines of which converge.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Dessin industriel
  • Dessin architectural et instruments

Spanish

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Record 22 1999-08-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of the Sea

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit de la mer

Spanish

Save record 22

Record 23 1999-06-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
CONT

A downburst is a strong downdraft which induces an outburst of damaging winds on or near the ground. They are divided into macrobursts and microbursts according to the horizontal scale of the damaging wind field.

CONT

The outbursting winds beneath the vortex ring accelerate as the ring expands and stretches. The very strong outflow wind boundary propagates outward rather slowly but with time the ring vortex reaches a stretching limit, weakens and disappears or breaks into small rotor vortices that move off by themselves and disappear.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère

Spanish

Save record 23

Record 24 1999-04-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Scientific Instruments
  • Scientific Measurements and Analyses
DEF

A graphic scale engraved with eleven parallel horizontal lines whose top and bottom are divided into ten equal sections.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments scientifiques
  • Mesures et analyse (Sciences)
DEF

Règle possédant un vernier.

Spanish

Save record 24

Record 25 1993-11-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Architectural Drafting and Tools
DEF

a horizontal section(as of a building) showing true dimensions according to a geometric scale.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Dessin architectural et instruments
DEF

Protection horizontale; plan horizontal et géométral (d'un édifice).

Spanish

Save record 25

Record 26 1990-03-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Statistical Graphs and Diagrams
DEF

In statistics, a diagram showing the plotted points of a time series, measured on the vertical scale, with time on the horizontal scale.

Key term(s)
  • time diagram

French

Domaine(s)
  • Diagrammes et graphiques (Statistique)
CONT

Graphiques chronologiques. Ce sont ceux où le temps figure en abscisses (c'est-à-dire sur l'axe horizontal), la variable observée figurant en ordonnées (c'est-à-dire sur l'axe vertical).

CONT

Le chronogramme permet d'enregistrer la durée des comportements observés.

Spanish

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Record 27 1988-05-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Environmental Studies and Analyses
CONT

Atmospheric horizontal motions are usually categorized as micro, meso and macro according to their scale. The turbulent flows around buildings or in street canyons are examples of micro scale motions.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
  • Études et analyses environnementales

Spanish

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Record 28 1988-05-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Environmental Studies and Analyses
CONT

Atmospheric horizontal motions are usually categorized as micro, meso, and macro according to their scale.... Macro motions, such as synoptic weather patterns can be continental in scale and provide the potential for the long range transport of pollutants.

Key term(s)
  • macro scale motion

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
  • Études et analyses environnementales

Spanish

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Record 29 1988-05-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Environmental Studies and Analyses
CONT

Atmospheric horizontal motions are usually categorized as micro, meso, and macro according to their scale.... Lake or sea breezes and thunderstorms represent examples of meso scale motion as to urban heat island circulations and slope and valley winds.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique de l'atmosphère
  • Études et analyses environnementales

Spanish

Save record 29

Record 30 1985-05-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Air Pollution
CONT

The horizontal dispersion of pollutants is based on a Gaussian puff whose mean motion follows that of large scale synoptic flows.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pollution de l'air

Spanish

Save record 30

Record 31 1985-05-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Air Pollution
CONT

The horizontal dispersion of pollutants is based on a Gaussian puff whose mean motion follows that of large scale synoptic flows.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Pollution de l'air

Spanish

Save record 31

Record 32 1982-07-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cartography
DEF

The process of projecting a photograph(mathematically, graphically, or photographically) from its plane onto another plane by translation, rotation, and/or scale change. The projection is made onto a plane determined by the angular relations of the camera axes and not necessarily onto a horizontal plane.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Cartographie

Spanish

Save record 32

Record 33 1979-07-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Statistical Graphs and Diagrams
DEF

[Chart emphasizing] positive and negative numbers, increases and decreases, and gains and losses. ... The columns in this type of chart extend in both directions from the referent line. By means of crosshatching, both gross and net changes can be readily portrayed.

OBS

The horizontal axis shows the time units and the columns start above and below this time scale without touching one another.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Diagrammes et graphiques (Statistique)
OBS

Lorsqu'il s'agit de figurer des "balances", c'est-à-dire des mesures qui, au lieu de s'additionner (...) doivent normalement se soustraire (...) il est plus significatif de recourir à un système de bandes "en opposition".

OBS

Dans ce graphique, les bandes sont verticales.

Spanish

Save record 33

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