TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NOx chemical formula: NO_x  1, record 1, English, - NOx%2FVOC%20emission

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NOx formule chimique : NO_x  1, record 1, French, - %C3%A9missions%20de%20NOx%20et%20de%20COV

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Environment Canada. This National Emission Guideline encourages project proponents to develop and operate combustion turbine facilities in a manner which restricts emissions of oxides of nitrogen(NOx, sulphur dioxide(SO2), and carbon monoxide(CO).  1, record 2, English, - National%20Emission%20Guidelines%20for%20Stationary%20Combustion%20Turbines

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Environnement Canada. Dans la présente recommandation nationale sur les émissions, on incite les promoteurs du projet à mettre au point et à exploiter les installations des turbines à combustion de manière à limiter les émissions d'oxydes d'azote (NOx), d'anhydride sulfureux (SO2) et de monoxyde de carbone (CO).  1, record 2, French, - Recommandation%20nationale%20sur%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20des%20turbines%20%C3%A0%20combustion%20fixes

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The emission of NOx and fluorides is controlled by collecting and combining the off-gases from the different vessels and treating them in a scrubbing unit before discharge to the atmosphere.  2, record 3, English, - scrubbing%20unit

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour les NO [indice]x [...] il faut procéder, généralement en amont de l'unité de lavage, à un traitement de réduction catalytique par l'ammoniac.  2, record 3, French, - unit%C3%A9%20de%20lavage

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system design that separates the combustion process over more than one discrete chamber.  2, record 4, English, - staged%20combustion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The alternatives for nitrogen oxide control are boiler operation changes, combustion equipment modifications to reduce NO_x formation, and flue gas treatment.... In the U. S. and Canada, combustion modification(CM) is the most common method of NOx reduction. NOx can be reduced by injecting the combustion air in two stages, normally by reducing air flow to the burner and injecting the remainder through "overfire" air ports in the side of the boiler. Low-NOx burners that accomplish staged conditions within the burner flame have also been developed. Staged combustion... reduces emission by 15-25%.  3, record 4, English, - staged%20combustion

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This approach increases residence time for more complete combustion and lower ash carry-over.  2, record 4, English, - staged%20combustion

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de chauffage où le combustible est brûlé complètement en plusieurs étapes en commençant par ses matières volatiles.  3, record 4, French, - combustion%20%C3%A9tag%C3%A9e

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Polluants, émis par les unités thermiques.] L'azote étant toujours présent dans le comburant et souvent dans le combustible, il est impossible d'empêcher leur apparition [aux oxydes d'azote]. Tout au plus peut-on limiter leur formation par des artifices tels que : - abaissement de l'excès d'air; - combustion «étagée» avec une première phase se déroulant en milieu riche [...]  4, record 4, French, - combustion%20%C3%A9tag%C3%A9e

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tax to be based on a percentage of the car’s price graduated according to its CO2 emissions. The starting rate is 165 g/km CO2 with 15% of list price taxable. How many cars have such a low emission rate?  3, record 5, English, - emission%20rate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Each Excel spreadsheet provides coefficients for equations expressing pollutant emission rates as a function of average vehicle speed. The equations follow the standard form: E = k + av + bv² + cv² + d/v +e/v² + f/v³ where v is the average speed (km/h), E is the emission rate (g/km) [and] k, a [and] f are coefficients.  4, record 5, English, - emission%20rate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[A] policy run is based on the NOx emission rate standard of 0. 15 lbs/MMBtu. This emission rate standard corresponds to the total Nox emissions cap of approximately 339, 800 tons for the electric generating units(that are greater than 25 MW of capacity) located in the affected 13 jurisdictions.  5, record 5, English, - emission%20rate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... the prediction of 2-20% steady state ozone depletion ... was calculated from known data and particular assumptions for (1) release rates of FC-11 and FC-12, (2) atmospheric transport of these molecules, and (3) stratospheric chemistry.  2, record 5, English, - emission%20rate

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the rate is the expression of the mass of a pollutant emitted per unit of time, it must be translated in French by the term "débit d’émission" (q.v.). Also compare with "emission index" and "emission factor."  6, record 5, English, - emission%20rate

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Caractéristiques techniques [de la voiture Lexus GS300/430] : Taux d'émission CO₂ [de] 296 g/km.  3, record 5, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

On évalue le taux d'émission de CO₂ par kWh marginal (de dernier kWh appelé) à 443 g de CO₂ émis par kWh produit (dans une prospective à l'horizon 1010 de type «État industriel»).  4, record 5, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Émissions de gaz responsables de l'effet de serre. [...] Seul le Liban, avec 4,9 tonnes par habitant en 1994, a un taux d'émission [de CO₂] proche des pays des Balkans.  5, record 5, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

émission : Action d'émettre. Se dit aussi du résultat de cette action et, en particulier, de l'ensemble des corps solides, liquides ou gazeux étrangers à l'air, émis dans l'atmosphère.  6, record 5, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rejet : Désigne l'ensemble des corps étrangers à l'air émis par une cheminée, une tubulure d'échappement, etc. N.B. : rejet et émission sont synonymes, émission ayant un sens plus général que rejet.  6, record 5, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le terme «taux» désigne une proportion dans laquelle intervient un élément, un facteur variable, une quantité de quelque chose par rapport à une quantité d'autre chose (par exemple, on parle du taux de protéine dans un aliment, du taux d'un corps chimique dans une humeur). Ne pas confondre avec «débit d'émission», qui se rapporte à la quantité d'un polluant émis dans l'atmosphère par unité de temps, et avec «indice d'émission» (en anglais : «emission index», qui exprime un rapport sous forme d'indication numérique (voir aussi ces fiches).  7, record 5, French, - taux%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An emission index (EI) specifies the number of grams of pollutant emitted per kilogram of fuel burned.  2, record 6, English, - emission%20index

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Research is aimed at a NOx Emission Index of 5, resulting in less than 1% annual ozone depletion.... From a technical standpoint, these critical emission levels depend on the engines’ injection and combustion system performance, i. e. the quality of the air/fuel mixture, its distribution in the combustor primary zone and the corresponding temperatures. The reduction of NOx emissions remains of primary concern, having the largest Emission Index(grams of emission produced per kilogram of fuel consumed) among the substances responsible for the ozone layer depletion.  4, record 6, English, - emission%20index

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The average emission rate of the smelters was 4.1 in 1998 [that is, the result of the following division: 9.9 million tonnes CO₂ Eq divided by 2.4 m tonnes of shipments equals 4.1]. [In this case, the proper expression is "emission index" and not "rate", the term "index" being the numerical expression of a rate (or proportion).]  3, record 6, English, - emission%20index

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'exercice mené avec le modèle POLES, l'introduction d'une taxe-carbone fictive permet de calculer l'évolution résultante des émissions, par rapport au cas de référence présenté plus haut. Ceci est illustré, au niveau mondial, par le Graphique 1 : à partir d'un indice d'émission 145 en 2010, le niveau d'émission décroît avec l'introduction d'une taxe fictive de 25 $/tC, puis 50 ... jusqu'à 350 $/tC.  1, record 6, French, - indice%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «indice» désigne une indication numérique qui sert à exprimer un rapport. Ne pas confondre avec «taux d'émission» ni avec «débit d'émission». Le terme «taux» désigne une proportion dans laquelle intervient un élément, un facteur variable, une quantité de quelque chose par rapport à une quantité d'autre chose (par exemple, on parle d'un taux d'émission de CO₂ de x nombre de grammes par kilomètre pour une voiture). Le terme «débit» se rapporte à la quantité d'un polluant émis dans l'atmosphère par unité de temps. Enfin, voir aussi «facteur d'émission».  2, record 6, French, - indice%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The alternatives for nitrogen oxide control are boiler operation changes, combustion equipment modifications to reduce NO_x formation, and flue gas treatment... In the U. S. and Canada, combustion modification(CM) is the most common method of NOx reduction. NOx can be reduced by injecting the combustion air in two stages, normally by reducing air flow to the burner and injecting the remainder through "overfire" air ports in the side of the boiler. Low-NOx burners that accomplish staged conditions within the burner flame have also been developed. Staged combustion... reduces emission by 15-25%.  2, record 7, English, - low%2DNOx%20burner

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les procédés de réduction du taux d'oxyde d'azote sont les suivants : modifications du fonctionnement de la chaudière, modifications de l'équipement de combustion visant à réduire la formation de NOx, et traitement des gaz de combustion pour l'extraire des gaz. [...] Modifications de la combustion : aux États-Unis et au Canada, c'est la méthode la plus courante de réduction du NOx. On peut obtenir cette réduction en injectant l'air de combustion en deux étapes, habituellement en réduisant le courant d'air arrivant au brûleur et en injectant le reste de l'air par des entrées d'air secondaire pratiquées sur le côté de la chaudière. On a également mis au point des brûleurs à faible émissions de NOx qui réalisent les conditions de combustion par étape à l'intérieur de la flamme du brûleur : [...] Les brûleurs à "faible taux d'émissions de NOx" sont efficaces et sont souvent utilisés au Japon en liaison avec type standard de combustion par étapes et le procédé de recirculation des gaz.  1, record 7, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20faible%20taux%20d%27%C3%A9missions%20de%20NOx

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Ou encore] : brûleur qui produit peu de NOx.  1, record 7, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20faible%20taux%20d%27%C3%A9missions%20de%20NOx

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Available information indicates that nitrates are formed more rapidly than sulphates in the atmosphere and that they are also deposited closer to the source of emissions. Therefore it may be concluded that significant reductions in NOx emissions in Canada will result in corresponding reductions in nitrate deposition in this country. This is unlike the situation with SO2 emissions, where it is necessary to rely in part on emission reductions in the United States in order to achieve targeted sulphate loadings in this country.  1, record 8, English, - nitrate%20deposition

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The projected emissions of CO [carbon monoxides], NOx [nitrogen oxides], and HC [hydrocarbons], from the transportation sector until the end of the century are based on two scenarios :.... In calculating the status quo projections for the transportation sector, the following assumptions were made :... emissions from other transportation sources are based on a fuel usage forecast prepared by the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, and trend analysis of historical emission data developed by Environment Canada.  1, record 9, English, - historical%20emission%20data

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

These LDV-related pollutants are also emitted from natural sources. For example, in Canada, natural CO emissions are estimated to be 260 000 tonnes per year, and natural emissions of NOx have been variously estimated to be one million and 2.7 million tonnes per year.  1, record 10, English, - natural%20emission%20of%20NOx

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NO_x.  2, record 10, English, - natural%20emission%20of%20NOx

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... nitrogen oxides(NOx) emission standards....  3, record 10, English, - natural%20emission%20of%20NOx

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NO_x.  2, record 10, French, - %C3%A9mission%20naturelle%20de%20NOx

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

(...) oxydes d'azote (Nox) (...).  3, record 10, French, - %C3%A9mission%20naturelle%20de%20NOx

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The next step in quantifying health effects would be to estimate the decline in the number of cases of diseases that may result if the proposed light duty vehicle emission standards are implemented. Two types of data are required to make this estimate : 1. Dose-response functions for each adverse effect(the mathematical relationship between the dose of a pollutant that an individual receives and the probability that he will experience a particular adverse effect) ;and 2. Estimates of the impact of the proposed light duty vehicle standards on the number, ambient concentrations, and duration of concentrations of CO, NOx and O3 in excess of National Ambient Air Quality Objectives.  1, record 11, English, - light%20duty%20vehicle%20emission%20standard

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Testimony presented to the Sub-committee by representatives of the automobile industry disputed the need for reduced emissions of motor vehicle NOx. Their objections can be placed in three categories. First, the industry representatives argued that motor vehicle NOx emissions contribute little to acid rain and imposition of the one-gram standard will yield little beneficial effect.  1, record 12, English, - emission%20of%20motor%20vehicle%20NOx

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NO_x.  2, record 12, English, - emission%20of%20motor%20vehicle%20NOx

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NO_x.  2, record 12, French, - d%C3%A9gagement%20de%20NOx%20des%20v%C3%A9hicules

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Approximately one-third of the transportation total, or 21% of all man-made NOx emissions, comes from automobiles (in official terms, "light-duty vehicles").  3, record 13, English, - anthropogenic%20nitrogen%20oxides%20emission

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NO_x.  3, record 13, English, - anthropogenic%20nitrogen%20oxides%20emission

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NO_x.  2, record 13, French, - %C3%A9mission%20anthropique%20d%27oxydes%20d%27azote

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

NO_x emissions are transformed in the atmosphere into nitrates which are acidic. These fall to earth in the form of acidic precipitation - acid rain and snow.  1, record 14, English, - NOx%20emission

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... nitrogen oxides (NOx).  1, record 14, English, - NOx%20emission

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

NO_x.  4, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9gagement%20de%20NOx

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish