TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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The intrinsic angular momentum of an elementary particle or nucleus, which exists even when the particle is at rest, as distinguished from orbital angular momentum.  3, record 1, English, - quantum%20mechanical%20spin

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Elementary particles can be described in terms of a few simple properties. The most obvious of these are the mass and electric charge of the particle.... There is a... property which all particles carry, quantum mechanical spin. The name spin comes from an analogy with classical electro-magnetics. In classical electromagnetic theory, it is well known that a charged particle that is moving through a magnetic field will be deflected. If the particle... is spinning about some axis the deflection will be changed; i. e. the particle will go in a different direction than if it wasn’t spinning. The effect will depend on both the rate of spin and the rotation axis. In quantum mechanics, a similar effect is observed with any quantum particle. When passed through magnetic fields, they behave as if they are spinning electric charges. What's more, they behave as if their rates of spin are integral 0, 1, 2,... or half-integral(1/2, 3/2,...) of a base unit... much like charges come in basic multiples of the electron's charge. The concept of spin here is a bit more abstract than in the classical case. With a classical particle you can paint a little dot on the particle... and directly measure the rotation rate by counting the number of times you see the spot in a minute. This is not possible for quantum particles. They are not little spinning balls in that sense.  1, record 1, English, - quantum%20mechanical%20spin

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frustrated spin  4, record 1, English, - quantum%20mechanical%20spin

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down-spin, up-spin  4, record 1, English, - quantum%20mechanical%20spin

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Moment cinétique intrinsèque des particules élémentaires et des noyaux atomiques.  2, record 1, French, - spin

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Il s'agit [...] d'une propriété essentiellement quantique qui n'admet pas d'interprétation en mécanique classique.  3, record 1, French, - spin

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spin demi-entier, spin entier, spin frustré, spin non frustré  4, record 1, French, - spin

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Momento angular intrínseco de un sistema. Se aplica especialmente a las partículas elementales y a los núcleos  1, record 1, Spanish, - esp%C3%ADn

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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The YORP effect is a... phenomenon that affects the rotation rate and pole orientation of an asteroid. YORP is an acronym that combines four scientist's names : Yarkovsky, O’Keefe, Radzievskii, and Paddack.  2, record 2, English, - Yarkovsky%2DO%26rsquo%3BKeefe%2DRadzievskii%2DPaddack%20effect

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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On appelle effet Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack, ou effet YORP, une conséquence spécifique de l'effet Yarkovsky, l'accélération de la vitesse de rotation sur lui-même d'un petit corps céleste.  1, record 2, French, - effet%20Yarkovsky%2DO%27Keefe%2DRadzievskii%2DPaddack

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Variación de segundo orden del efecto Yarkovsky que causa que un cuerpo pequeño (como un asteroide) gire muy rápido o muy lento.  1, record 2, Spanish, - efecto%20Yarkovsky%2DO%27Keefe%2DRadzievskii%2DPaddack

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Inertial platform ... Stable platforms utilizing gyroscopes references have been successfully used for several decades as attitude and heading reference systems (AHRS), fire control baselines for aircraft, ships, missiles, and for inertial navigators. The part of the platform system, which mechanizes the reference is called "controlled member" or "stable element".  2, record 3, English, - controlled%20member

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For a three-gimbal platform... the inner gimbal or controlled member is the stable platform on which the three gyros and accelerometers are mounted. As the vehicle to which the system is attached moves, the gyros sense any rotation and drive the gimbals in the opposite direction to null the gyro rate. As a result, the inner platform remains fixed in inertial space.  5, record 3, English, - controlled%20member

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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On distingue deux types de systèmes inertiels : - Les systèmes sur cardans, dont la plate-forme contenant les accéléromètres est montée sur les cardans internes de trois gyroscopes. La plate-forme est isolée de toute rotation du véhicule et son attitude reste constante pendant le mouvement du système. Ces dispositifs complexes sont précis, mais complexes et onéreux. - Les systèmes dits «strap-down», qui utilisent des accéléromètres et des gyroscopes soumis aux mouvements du véhicule. Ces systèmes sont plus simples à mettre en œuvre, moins chers mais moins précis.  1, record 3, French, - cardan%20interne

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Le gyroscope de Foucault est une toupie rectifiée [...] formée d'une masse de cuivre [...] montée sur un axe dont les deux extrémités sont fixées sur un anneau lui-même suspendu aux deux extrémités du diamètre perpendiculaire à celui de l'axe qui porte la masse de cuivre, de sorte que celle-ci peut prendre toutes les inclinaisons possibles sur l'horizon. Les deux pivots de ce premier anneau reposent sur un deuxième anneau plus grand, monté lui-même sur pivots lui permettant une rotation verticale. [...] Si on fixe horizontalement l'anneau intérieur, l'axe de rotation ne pourra plus se déplacer que dans un plan horizontal.  3, record 3, French, - cardan%20interne

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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A height finder antenna has the same possibility of azimuth rotation and also scans in elevation. The elevation may be positive or negative relative to horizontal. Importantly, it differs from the surveillance radar in not rotating at a constant rate. In fact it moves in azimuth and elevation quite unpredictably as far as the observer is concerned.  2, record 4, English, - height%2Dfinder%20antenna

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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[A] rotor [configuration which] consists of a turbine inside a duct which flares outwards at the back.  2, record 5, English, - ducted%20rotor

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The narrow duct accelerates the air and so the rotor spins more quickly. The main advantage of the ducted rotor is that it can operate in a wide range of winds. Another advantage is that the generator operates at a high rotation rate, so it doesn’t require a bulky gearbox, so it can be smaller and lighter.  2, record 5, English, - ducted%20rotor

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The HAWT’s [horizontal-axis wind turbines] are usually in the form of a windmill, modern wind turbines and ducted rotor.  3, record 5, English, - ducted%20rotor

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Rotor d'éolienne à axe horizontal entouré d'une structure en entonnoir qui concentre et renforce l'écoulement du vent afin d'en extraire plus d'énergie.  2, record 5, French, - rotor%20car%C3%A9n%C3%A9

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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The turn rate of 3° per second normally used by aircraft operating at less than 250 kt [knots].  6, record 6, English, - standard%20rate%20turn

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The attitude indicator shows rotation about both the longitudinal axis to indicate the degree of bank, and about the lateral axis to indicate pitch(nose up, level or nose down)... The principal parts of interest to the pilot are : The miniature wings attached to the case remain parallel to the wings of the aircraft. The horizon bar which separates the top(light) and bottom(dark) halves to the ball. The degree marks on the upper periphery of the dial. The first 3 on both sides of center are 10 degrees apart, then 60 degree bank marks, and 90 degree bank marks. Fifteen degrees of bank is called a standard rate turn.  7, record 6, English, - standard%20rate%20turn

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The turn indicator indicates the rate of the turn, not the amount of the turn. Thus a standard rate, or rate one, turn will give a rate of turn of 3 degrees per second, or 360 degrees in two minutes.  8, record 6, English, - standard%20rate%20turn

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rate one turn: term and definition standardized by the Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel Committee.  9, record 6, English, - standard%20rate%20turn

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Taux de virage, de 3° par seconde, normalement utilisé par les aéronefs évoluant à moins de 250 kt [nœuds].  6, record 6, French, - virage%20%C3%A0%20taux%20standard

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Virage à taux standard. Lorsque les ailes de l'avion miniature sont alignées avec les petits traits à côté de «G» (gauche) et «D» (droite), l'appareil effectue un virage à taux standard, soit 3 degrés par seconde pour le Cessna 182RG. Cela signifie que l'appareil accomplit un tour complet de 360 degrés en deux minutes.  7, record 6, French, - virage%20%C3%A0%20taux%20standard

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L'indicateur de virage indique le taux de virage et non l'amplitude. Le taux standard, ou virage au taux 1, est égal à 3 degrés par seconde ou 360 degrés en deux minutes.  8, record 6, French, - virage%20%C3%A0%20taux%20standard

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virage standard au taux un : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  9, record 6, French, - virage%20%C3%A0%20taux%20standard

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virage de taux un : terme et définition normalisés par le Comité sur le Glossaire à l'intention des pilotes et du personnel des services de la circulation aérienne.  10, record 6, French, - virage%20%C3%A0%20taux%20standard

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Spin-rotation relaxation. As a molecule or a part of a molecule rotates about a nucleus, the motion of electrons generates a current and a molecular magnetic moment.  1, record 7, English, - spin%2Drotation%20relaxation

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Spin Rotation Relaxation : A molecule in a fluid medium is a charged system and therefore generates a magnetic moment apart from the nuclear moment. Collisions change the rotation rate and causes the field to fluctuate which aids in relaxation.  2, record 7, English, - spin%2Drotation%20relaxation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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La relaxation par rotation de spin se produit lorsqu’une molécule ou une partie de cette dernière est en rotation autour d’un noyau et qu’alors le mouvement des électrons génère un courant et un moment magnétique moléculaire.  3, record 7, French, - relaxation%20par%20rotation%20de%20spin

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mechanical gyros(Dynamically Tuned Gyro, DTG) consist of a rotating body suspended dynamically tuned on low friction gimbals. The rotating mass attempts to keep the orientation of the rotation axis constant and thus creates a torque on the suspension when the system is turned. The torque is proportional to the rate.  2, record 8, English, - dynamically%20tuned%20suspension

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Équations de la gyroscopie [...] Suspension dynamique accordée [...] le principe : Les paliers des articulations S1-S2 et S2-S3 ne sont plus des roulements, mais remplacés par [des] joints de Hooke ou encore des barres de torsion élastiques. Un calcul complexe montre qu'à une vitesse précise dite d'accord, la raideur des joints est compensée [...] par le couple des forces d'inertie centrifuge et la suspension ne présente plus alors aucune rigidité. Les débattements de la toupie, en orientation, sont limités à quelques degrés. La condition d'accord définissant la vitesse correcte relie les caractéristiques des barres de torsion et un moment d'inertie particulier de l'anneau interne. On l'appelle la condition de tuning et c'est ce qui donne à la technique le nom de gyroscope accordé.  1, record 8, French, - suspension%20dynamique%20accord%C3%A9e

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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The component of gyro output, which is functionally independent of input rotation [and which] is expressed as an angular rate.  2, record 9, English, - drift%20rate

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The gyroscopes... are not perfect devices and tend to exhibit a small drift rate. That is, even when the gyroscope output axis pick off is nulled, the gyroscope case(fixed to the platform) has a rotation rate about the input axis direction that differs slightly from the commanded rate.  3, record 9, English, - drift%20rate

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drift rate: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  4, record 9, English, - drift%20rate

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Azimuth gyro drift rate.  5, record 9, English, - drift%20rate

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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L'usage fait donner des appellations différentes à cette composante de rotation instantanée [...] : lorsqu'elle est due à un phénomène déterministe et connu, on l'appelle précession gyroscopique; lorsqu'elle est due à un phénomène aléatoire, ou bien que l'on ne maîtrise pas, on l'appelle dérive gyroscopique.  2, record 9, French, - vitesse%20de%20d%C3%A9rive

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vitesse de dérive : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  3, record 9, French, - vitesse%20de%20d%C3%A9rive

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Vitesse de dérive du gyroscope d'azimut.  4, record 9, French, - vitesse%20de%20d%C3%A9rive

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Vitesse de dérive gyroscopique.  5, record 9, French, - vitesse%20de%20d%C3%A9rive

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Three orthogonal gyros measure the rate of rotation of the satellite. Two options : Always on-good measurement of attitude, but drifts so needs to be reset occasionally. Turn on with other devices-can only measure instantaneous rotation rates.  1, record 10, English, - instantaneous%20rotation

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Gyrométrie optique [...] Considérons un observateur [...] se trouvant à bord d'un laboratoire (ou d'un véhicule) en mouvement par rapport à l'espace absolu. Deux procédés s'offrent à lui pour mesurer la rotation instantanée de ce laboratoire : la mécanique rationnelle et l'optique. Mécanique rationnelle : par l'existence des forces d'inerties [...] cette voie conduit à la réalisation de gyromètres mécaniques [...] Optique : cette voie, par l'influence de la rotation du laboratoire (et par la suite des instruments utilisés) sur l'interaction instrument-lumière, conduit à la réalisation des gyromètres à fibres optiques et à celle des gyromètres laser.  2, record 10, French, - rotation%20instantan%C3%A9e

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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The rate generator... is a small ac or dc generator that develops an output voltage(proportional to its rpm) whose phase or polarity depends on the rotor's direction of rotation. The dc rate generator usually has permanent magnetic field excitation. The ac rate generator field is excited by a constant ac supply. In either case, the rotor of the tachometer is mechanically connected, directly or indirectly, to the load.  5, record 11, English, - tachometer%20generator

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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générateur tachymétrique : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Maintenance.  3, record 11, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20tachym%C3%A9trique

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Rotation sur elle-même.  1, record 12, French, - vitesse%20de%20rotation%20de%20la%20Terre

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

vitesse de rotation de la terre : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  3, record 12, French, - vitesse%20de%20rotation%20de%20la%20Terre

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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Termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  2, record 13, French, - cadence%20de%20rotation

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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The variation of the direction in space is a conical motion, with vertex at the center of mass, around a perpendicular to the plane of the earth's orbit around the sun, in which the earth and the axis of rotation move together with no change in the position of the axis within the earth. This motion is caused by the gravitational attractions of the sun and the moon. The axis describes a sinuous conical surface at an irregularly varying rate; the motion is, therefore, represented as the resultant of a steady progressive motion in a circular cone of angular opening about 47°, called the "lunisolar precession"...  3, record 14, English, - lunisolar%20precession

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Equinoctial precession is a circular motion of Earth’s rotational axis with respect to the "fixed" stars, also known as lunisolar precession. It is caused by the torque of the Sun and Moon on the Earth’s rotational bulge.  2, record 14, English, - lunisolar%20precession

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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La précession, due à l'action du Soleil et de la Lune, s'appelle «précession luni-solaire».  1, record 14, French, - pr%C3%A9cession%20luni%2Dsolaire

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lunisolaire : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 14, French, - pr%C3%A9cession%20luni%2Dsolaire

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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Extruders are now being equipped with variable-speed motors or drives to expand their flexibility of operation. In such cases, screw speed is a very important independent process variable that must be measured and controlled. Screw speed controls the fill during starved feeding, which affects residence time and the amount of shear that a product receives.  1, record 15, English, - screw%20speed

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Paramètre opératoire d'un extrudeur correspondant au nombre de tours de la ou des vis par unité de temps.  1, record 15, French, - vitesse%20de%20rotation

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La vitesse de rotation des vis s'exprime en tour.min-1, bien qu'on rencontre également t/min ou rpm (tour par minute ou révolution par minute).  1, record 15, French, - vitesse%20de%20rotation

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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Among the myriad stars of our Galaxy, a handful are observed regularly emitting pulses of X-rays.... The pulsing X-rays are detected with instruments on spacecraft orbiting above the Earth's atmosphere... The same material that produces the X-ray pulsations also cause the neutron stars to spin faster or slower so much can be learned about the details of the accretion process or the neutron star by monitoring its changes in pulse frequency, which measures the rotation rate.  2, record 16, English, - X%2Dray%20pulsation

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Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The primary objectives of the Attitude Control System(ACS) are to provide autonomous spin and precession control following separation from the launch vehicle, spacecraft spin and precession control during the normal mode operations to meet the science imposed attitude requirements, and maintain a spin rate and spin axis attitude consistent with the power and thermal requirements. The ACS is also responsible for processing ACS related ground commands and providing telemetry associated with the ACS. The ACS... is designed to maintain the spacecraft attitude as a simple spinner with a rotation rate of approximately 12 rpm.  2, record 17, English, - simple%20spinner

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Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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An instrument for measuring rotation rate, in which light from a laser or light-emitting diode is split into two beams which travel in opposite directions around a coil of optical fiber and recombine to generate interference fringes whose shift is a measure of the rotation rate of the coil.  7, record 18, English, - fiber%20optic%20gyroscope

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

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Au vu des contraintes imposées par le gyrolaser, les chercheurs ont développé un second modèle de gyroscope optique : le gyroscope à fibre optique. Le principe en est simple : ne plus travailler avec une cavité de résonance, mais exploiter directement le déphasage des deux signaux optiques en sortie (par interférométrie). Nous avons vu que celle-ci était très faible, et que pour l'augmenter, un seul facteur peut être ajusté : la surface S inscrite dans l'interféromètre. D'où l'idée d'utiliser une fibre optique pour guider les rayons lumineux (remplaçant ainsi les coûteux miroirs, et éliminant le problème de leur polissage), et de bobiner cette fibre optique pour augmenter la sensibilité du détecteur.  2, record 18, French, - gyroscope%20%C3%A0%20fibres%20optiques

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un gyroscope est un appareil capable de fournir une direction physique de référence et, corrélativement, une information de rotation angulaire, sous forme d'un écart angulaire, ou d'un angle total [...] compris entre 0 et 360 degrés, vis-à-vis d'un référentiel absolu ou «inertiel». Un gyromètre est un appareil capable de fournir une information de vitesse angulaire, vis-à-vis d'un référentiel absolu (c'est-à-dire fixe par rapport aux étoiles. Dans un certain nombre de cas, un même appareil peut être capable de fonctionner en gyroscope ou en gyromètre.  3, record 18, French, - gyroscope%20%C3%A0%20fibres%20optiques

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Controlled pendulum. The gyro spinning wheel is running at constant speed. The precession drive, which lies in a plane symmetric with respect to the gimbal is controlled to create a precession rate of the spinning wheel. Measurement of the rotation angle around the horizontal axis perpendicular to the symmetry plane of the gimbal is used to perform the precession control. This control aims to keep the center of gravity of the gimbal assembly over the rotation axis. The commanded precession rate is such that the gyroscopic torque counterbalances the gravity torque and the disturbing torques...  1, record 19, English, - commanded%20precession%20rate

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendule asservi. La toupie gyroscopique est entraînée à vitesse constante. Le moteur de précession qui est dans le plan de symétrie du berceau est commandé pour produire une vitesse de basculement de la toupie. La mesure de l'angle de rotation autour de l'axe horizontal perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie du berceau est utilisée pour réaliser la commande du moteur de précession. Cette commande a pour but de maintenir le centre de gravité de l'ensemble à la verticale de l'axe de rotation horizontal. La vitesse de précession commandée est telle que le couple gyroscopique produit contre-balance le couple de gravité et les couples perturbateurs [...]  1, record 19, French, - vitesse%20de%20pr%C3%A9cession%20command%C3%A9e

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A command rate applied to a gyro to compensate for the rotation of the Earth with respect to the gyro input axis.  2, record 20, English, - Earth%26rsquo%3Bs%20rate%20correction

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

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La géométrie des images LANDSAT TM est très différente de celle de SPOT. En effet le mode de prise de vue par balayage mécanique (scanning) perpendiculairement à la trace du satellite peut induire des déformations particulières dont les corrections sont plus complexes. [...] Les niveaux 3 et 4 incluent : des corrections des variations de vitesse du miroir (polynôme de degré 5) à l'aller et au retour des différentes lignes de balayage; la correction de la rotation de la Terre; la correction des effets panoramiques et de courbure de la Terre.  3, record 20, French, - correction%20de%20la%20rotation%20terrestre

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Controlled pendulum. The gyro spinning wheel is running at constant speed. The precession drive, which lies in a plane symmetric with respect to the gimbal is controlled to create a precession rate of the spinning wheel. Measurement of the rotation angle around the horizontal axis perpendicular to the symmetry plane of the gimbal is used to perform the precession control. This control aims to keep the center of gravity of the gimbal assembly over the rotation axis. The commanded precession rate is such that the gyroscopic torque counterbalances the gravity torque and the disturbing torques...  1, record 21, English, - controlled%20pendulum

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendule asservi. La toupie gyroscopique est entraînée à vitesse constante. Le moteur de précession qui est dans le plan de symétrie du berceau est commandé pour produire une vitesse de basculement de la toupie. La mesure de l'angle de rotation autour de l'axe horizontal perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie du berceau est utilisée pour réaliser la commande du moteur de précession. Cette commande a pour but de maintenir le centre de gravité de l'ensemble à la verticale de l'axe de rotation horizontal. La vitesse de précession commandée est telle que le couple gyroscopique produit contre-balance le couple de gravité et les couples perturbateurs [...]  1, record 21, French, - pendule%20asservi

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Angular rate gyro accuracy is characterized by two parameters: scale factor and drift. The scale factor describes the capability of the gyro to accurately sense angular velocity at different angular rates. This value is used to convert the voltage output from the gyro into an angular rate. System imperfections can cause small variations in the scale factor. These variations appear as a factor at the output of the gyro. Gyro drift characterizes the ability of the gyro to reference all rate measurements to the nominal zero point. It appears as an additive term on the gyro output, so any actual drift away from a given or predetermined value will cause the angular errors to accumulate.  2, record 22, English, - angular%20error

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rate gyroscope : A gyroscope that is suspended in just one gimbal whose bearings form its output axis and which is restrained by a spring; rotation of the gyroscope frame about an axis perpendicular to both spin and output axes produces precession of the gimbal within the bearings proportional to the rate of rotation.  3, record 22, English, - angular%20error

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un gyroscope (mesureur d'angle) utilise fondamentalement la propriété caractéristique d'inertialité (fixité dans l'espace absolu), totale ou partielle, de certains phénomènes physiques. À la base, c'est une mémoire de direction géométrique et matérielle dans l'espace. Avec l'utilisation d'un moyen approprié appelé détecteur angulaire, il est est capable de fournir une information d'écart angulaire entre le référentiel du boîtier du gyroscope et cette direction de référence.  3, record 22, French, - %C3%A9cart%20angulaire

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Selon leur réalisation les gyroscopes mécaniques ont un ou deux axes sensibles. On peut considérer les gyroscopes comme des «mémoires directionnelles». Il est donc possible d'obtenir un signal d'écart angulaire dès que l'on décale le boîtier d'un gyroscope.  4, record 22, French, - %C3%A9cart%20angulaire

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Les systèmes inertiels peuvent générer une attitude à 0.1 degré, modifiant ainsi la précision des données selon l'altitude (car bien que l'erreur angulaire demeure la même, plus l'altitude augmente, pire sera l'erreur positionnelle).  5, record 22, French, - %C3%A9cart%20angulaire

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Controlled pendulum. The gyro spinning wheel is running at constant speed. The precession drive, which lies in a plane symmetric with respect to the gimbal is controlled to create a precession rate of the spinning wheel. Measurement of the rotation angle around the horizontal axis perpendicular to the symmetry plane of the gimbal is used to perform the precession control. This control aims to keep the center of gravity of the gimbal assembly over the rotation axis. The commanded precession rate is such that the gyroscopic torque counterbalances the gravity torque and the disturbing torques...  2, record 23, English, - disturbing%20torque

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendule asservi. La toupie gyroscopique est entraînée à vitesse constante. Le moteur de précession qui est dans le plan de symétrie du berceau est commandé pour produire une vitesse de basculement de la toupie. La mesure de l'angle de rotation autour de l'axe horizontal perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie du berceau est utilisée pour réaliser la commande du moteur de précession. Cette commande a pour but de maintenir le centre de gravité de l'ensemble à la verticale de l'axe de rotation horizontal. La vitesse de précession commandée est telle que le couple gyroscopique produit contre-balance le couple de gravité et les couples perturbateurs [...]  2, record 23, French, - couple%20perturbateur

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gyroscopic pendulum. Free pendulum. The gyro spinning wheel is running at constant speed. The precession drive, which lies in a plane symmetric with respect to the gimbal is not controlled. When the gimbal becomes free, the gravity torque drives it around the horizontal axis, perpendicular to the symmetry plane, until it falls on the top. This rate of rotation of the gimbal creates a gyroscopic torque that makes the spinner rotate around the precession axis in spite of the friction due to the gear of the precession drive.  1, record 24, English, - gear%20of%20the%20precession%20drive

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pendule gyroscopique. Pendule libre. La toupie gyroscopique est entraînée à vitesse constante. Le moteur de précession qui est dans le plan de symétrie du berceau n'est pas commandé. Quand on lâche le berceau, le couple de gravité fait tourner le berceau autour de son axe horizontal perpendiculaire à son plan de symétrie jusqu'à tomber sur la butée. Cette vitesse de rotation induit un couple gyroscopique qui fait basculer la toupie autour de son axe de précession malgré la résistance du réducteur du moteur de précession.  1, record 24, French, - r%C3%A9ducteur%20du%20moteur%20de%20pr%C3%A9cession

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Switch sticks control movement or rotation rates and rate increases... Switch sticks can be very effective control devices...  1, record 25, English, - switch%20stick

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Through its divisions, BEI's products include :... accelerometers and rate sensors using traditional mechanical technology(i. e., a moving mass suspended by a pivot and jewel mechanism) ;and micromachined rate of rotation sensors and accelerometers, which use a crystalline quartz element, and address such applications as heading and attitude reference in aircraft and missiles, stabilization of satellites, pointing and control of antennae on aircraft, ships, and other moving platforms, navigation of oil well drill bit assemblies, and intelligent vehicle stability systems.  4, record 26, English, - pivot%20and%20jewel%20mechanism

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gyromètre intégrateur [...] est un gyroscope 1 axe ne devant comporter aucun rappel élastique [...] mais doué d'un fort amortissement visqueux [...]. Son équipage mobile comporte toujours un carter étanche flottant dans un liquide à haute viscosité, d'où son appellation courante gyro flottant; la qualité du liquide de flottaison est choisie aussi voisine que possible de la densité moyenne de l'équipage mobile, afin de soulager au mieux les ensembles pivot-pierre matérialisant l'axe de sortie, par un équilibre entre la poussée d'Archimède et le poids apparent de l'équipage mobile.  3, record 26, French, - ensemble%20pivot%2Dpierre

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Gyroscopes libres [...] la suspension par flottaison; la poussée d'Archimède, agissant sur les anneaux de cardan et sur un carter étanche renfermant la toupie, soulage les paliers, qui peuvent alors être équipés d'ensembles pivot-rubis; les performances atteignent quelques centièmes de degré par heure; [...]  2, record 26, French, - ensemble%20pivot%2Dpierre

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les gyromètres intégrateurs [...] sont des appareils «1 axe» dont l'équipage mobile [...] flotte, en équilibre indifférent, dans un liquide visqueux remplissant le boîtier. Ceci permet de matérialiser l'axe de sortie par deux ensembles (pivot en acier - pierre précieuse) ne transmettant à la toupie que de très faibles couples parasites dus aux frottements [...]  4, record 26, French, - ensemble%20pivot%2Dpierre

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A special kind of gyroscope that measures rotation rate around a fixed axis.  5, record 27, English, - gyrometer

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A gyroscope that is suspended in just one gimbal whose bearings form its output axis and which is restrained by a spring; rotation of the gyroscope frame about an axis perpendicular to both spin and output axes produces precession of the gimbal within the bearings proportional to the rate of rotation.  6, record 27, English, - gyrometer

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gyrometers and gyroscopes. Gyrometers measure the angular velocity. Such measurement is based on the measure of Coriolis forces for a mobile in linear motion, when an additional rotation occurs... Gyroscopes are made of a solid body with high angular velocity around an axis of symmetry ... which induces a high angular stability in presence of perturbations. Such a device is used to preserve a fixed inertial orientation, while the rest of the system in motion. It must be noted that both devices provide an information about angular velocity. The first device output is the instantaneous angular velocity, while the second device output is the integration of the angular velocity during a period of time. Angular position information can be computed from gyrometers output by integration, while angular velocity information can be computed from gyroscopes output by derivation.  7, record 27, English, - gyrometer

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capteur gyroscopique à un ou plusieurs degrés de liberté, utilisé pour la mesure des vitesses angulaires.  4, record 27, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gyroscope est un appareil capable de fournir une direction physique de référence et, corrélativement, une information de rotation angulaire, sous forme d'un écart angulaire, ou d'un angle total [...] compris entre 0 et 360 [degrés], vis-à-vis d'un référentiel absolu ou «inertiel». Le gyromètre est un appareil capable de fournir une information de vitesse angulaire, vis-à-vis d'un référentiel absolu (c'est-à-dire par rapport aux étoiles).  2, record 27, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Tel qu'il vient d'être décrit, c'est-à-dire avec rappel élastique et amortissement visqueux [...] [le gyroscope à 1 axe] se comporte comme un gyromètre (rate gyro), c'est-à-dire un capteur de rotation instantanée absolue.  5, record 27, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans un certain nombre de cas, un même appareil peut être capable de fonctionner en gyroscope ou en gyromètre. [...] Les gyroscopes et les gyromètres sont utilisés : pour la stabilisation d'une direction ou d'un référentiel mécanique, par exemple pour la stabilisation d'une caméra, d'une antenne ou d'un viseur infrarouge d'un autodirecteur de missile; pour piloter un missile ou une fusée sur sa trajectoire; en association avec des «accéléromètres» , pour déterminer la position, la vitesse et l'attitude d'un véhicule (avion, char, bateau, sous-marin, etc.). Dans ce cas, il s'agit d'un équipement appelé centrale inertielle.  2, record 27, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rate gyroscopes provide a means for measuring angular rate about a particular axis and are traditionally used in a variety of high accuracy control and guidance systems in aircraft, missiles and ships. The conventional rate gyro, based on a high speed rotor, is a mature but relatively complex, delicate and expensive product. For these reasons and the increasing market for less expensive devices, a great deal of research effort has been invested into the development of a rate gyro with a vibrating sensitive element, which would eliminate the need for ball bearing suspensions and hence reduce the mechanical complexity and cost whilst greatly increasing life and robustness. The principle of operation of these devices is based on the coriolis force, which couples together two degenerate modes of vibration of the sensitive element when the sensor rotates.  1, record 28, English, - conventional%20rate%20gyro

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rate gyro : A special kind of gyroscope that measures rotation rate around a fixed axis.  3, record 28, English, - conventional%20rate%20gyro

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les erreurs de mesure des gyromètres laser peuvent être représentées par des modèles mathématiques beaucoup plus simples que ceux intervenant dans l'étude des gyromètres classiques. Cela résulte essentiellement de l'insensibilité des gyromètres laser aux accélérations.  1, record 28, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre%20classique

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gyromètre : Capteur gyroscopique à un ou plusieurs degrés de liberté, utilisé pour la mesure de vitesses angulaires.  2, record 28, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre%20classique

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fiber-optic gyroscope : An instrument for measuring rotation rate, in which light from a laser or light-emitting diode is split into two beams which travel in opposite directions around a coil of optical fiber and recombine to generate interference fringes whose shift is a measure of the rotation rate of the coil.  2, record 29, English, - fiber%2Doptic%20gyrometry

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See records "fiber optic gyrometer" and "fiber optic gyroscope."  1, record 29, English, - fiber%2Doptic%20gyrometry

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gyrométrie optique [...] Considérons un observateur [...] se trouvant à bord d'un laboratoire (ou d'un véhicule) en mouvement par rapport à l'espace absolu. Deux procédés s'offrent à lui pour mesurer la rotation instantanée de ce laboratoire : la mécanique rationnelle et l'optique. Mécanique rationnelle : par l'existence des forces d'inerties [...] cette voie conduit à la réalisation de gyromètres mécaniques [...] Optique : cette voie, par l'influence de la rotation du laboratoire (et par la suite des instruments utilisés) sur l'interaction instrument-lumière, conduit à la réalisation des gyromètres à fibres optiques et à celle des gyromètres laser.  2, record 29, French, - gyrom%C3%A9trie%20%C3%A0%20fibres%20optiques

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Voir les fiches «gyromètre à fibres optiques» et «gyroscope à fibres optiques».  1, record 29, French, - gyrom%C3%A9trie%20%C3%A0%20fibres%20optiques

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A more advanced type of gyro is the optical gyroscope. These devices are based on two counter-rotating beams of light travelling in a ring-like structure. The interaction of the two light beams produces a standing wave pattern. If the ring is then rotated about its centre axis(think of a torus spinning around its core), one of the beams has to travel a slightly longer distance, and the other a slightly shorter distance to get back to where they started. This will cause a shift in the pattern of the standing wave, and this can be measured to determine the rate of rotation.  3, record 30, English, - optical%20gyro

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Most people would remember the classic rotating disc gyroscope, which belongs to the mechanical group. One of today’s high precision gyros is still the mechanical, rotating gyro; however it is dependent on linear accelerations because of its mechanical measuring principle. The optical group comprises the fibre optic- and laser types. These use the Sagnac Effect (named after its French discoverer), which, when the sensor is turned, results in a difference in transit time between two light waves passing through the same optical path but in opposite directions. Optical gyros therefore do not depend on acceleration as gyros in the mechanical group. This is one of their biggest advantages ...  4, record 30, English, - optical%20gyro

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Réaliser un gyroscope optique d'un prix de revient de quelques centaines de francs. Voilà une prouesse technologique quand on sait que les systèmes actuels, les gyroscopes laser, coûtent entre 100 000 francs et 1 million de francs. La solution mise au point par Mohamed Bouamra, chercheur à l'École nationale supérieure de physique de Strasbourg, tient à une habile substitution de technologies : une simple diode électroluminescente remplace le laser, tandis que des banales fibres optiques multimodes prennent la place des coûteuses fibres monomodes.  2, record 30, French, - gyroscope%20optique

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] certains laboratoires ont étudié divers dispositifs de mesure des rotations absolues ne présentant qu'une analogie assez lointaine avec les gyroscopes classiques. Ce sont les gyroscopes à vibrations [...]; les gyroscopes nucléaires [...]; les gyroscopes optiques, exploitant les propriétés de la lumière cohérente [...]  3, record 30, French, - gyroscope%20optique

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mode in which the vibration amplitude of the pickoff is nulled by a signal whose amplitude is proportional to the rotation rate about the input axis.  1, record 31, English, - force%2Drebalance%20mode

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Integrated Cantilever Beam Tunneling Sensor. Our researchers have exploited the extremely sensitive quantum tunneling effect between metals to design MEMS sensors that can sense a force applied to a silicon-based, surface micromachined structure with extraordinary sensitivity and six orders of magnitude of dynamic range. The force is applied to a micromachined cantilever (one electrode) and is sensed as a result of a tunneling current produced between the cantilever and a tunneling tip (the other electrode). The sensor is operated in a force rebalance mode such that the cantilever and tip do not actually move with respect to each other but are held in a servo-locked state with the voltage required to maintain the servo-lock proportional to the force being sensed by the cantilever.  2, record 31, English, - force%2Drebalance%20mode

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Several different types of sensor devices have been designed, fabricated and demonstrated using this concept. These include extremely high dynamic range accelerometers, and high performance microgyroscopes that show the prospect of enabling very compact, inexpensive, precision inertial navigation and inertial measurement systems.  2, record 31, English, - force%2Drebalance%20mode

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mode pulling or scale factor effects are caused by changes in the index of refraction of the laser medium by dispersion effects of the laser gas. These effects degrade the stability and reproducibility of the RLG [ring laser gyro] scale factor, which is the relationship between the rotation rate(input) and beat frequency(output).  1, record 32, English, - index%20of%20refraction%20of%20the%20laser%20medium

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Interactions laser-plasma dans le domaine relativiste [...] le comportement relativiste des électrons du plasma peut provoquer un phénomène très appréciable, car il permet d'accroître considérablement l'éclairement au foyer du laser; il s'agit de l'autofocalisation relativiste. Ce phénomène s'accompagne également du guidage du faisceau laser dans le plasma. L'autofocalisation du laser résulte d'une modification locale de l'indice de réfraction du milieu, induite par une augmentation de la masse des électrons libres du plasma. Dans ces conditions, le plasma se comporte comme une lentille convergente additionnelle qui s'oppose à la divergence naturelle du faisceau et produit une succession de «super foyers» où l'éclairement laser est encore accru d'un ordre de grandeur.  1, record 32, French, - indice%20de%20r%C3%A9fraction%20du%20milieu

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Modification locale de l'indice de réfraction du milieu.  1, record 32, French, - indice%20de%20r%C3%A9fraction%20du%20milieu

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One simple form of gyrocompass consists of a single gimbal ring attached to a support rod that is an extension of a diameter of the ring. The axis of the spinning wheel is mounted inside the ring along a diameter that is at right angles to the one represented by the support rod.  2, record 33, English, - single%20gimbal%20ring

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

rate gyroscope : A gyro wheel mounted in a single gimbal ring in such a manner that rotation about an axis perpendicular to both the gimbal axis and gyro axis produces a precessional torque proportional to the rotation rate.  3, record 33, English, - single%20gimbal%20ring

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See record "gimbal ring / anneau de cardan."  4, record 33, English, - single%20gimbal%20ring

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir la fiche «anneau de cardan / gimbal ring».  1, record 33, French, - anneau%20de%20cardan%20simple

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the more advanced concepts is the laser/fiber-optics gyro. For this gyro a fiber-optics cable up to 300(100 m) in length is coiled many times around a loop, with both ends brought out to a laser. The laser beam is split into two beams, with the beams directed into the opposite ends of the coiled fiber-optics cable. Upon emerging from the opposite ends, they are recombined at the beam splitter to form interference fringes. Unlike the laser gyro, the coiled fiber is not a part of the resonant cavity and hence does not exhibit the lock-in phenomena; however, a rotation rate causes only a fringe displacement and not an integrating effect as in the laser gyro. The instrument is therefore a rate gyro and not a rate-integrating gyro.  1, record 34, English, - coiled%20fiber

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les gaines de protection pour fibre optique (spiralée).  1, record 34, French, - fibre%20optique%20spiral%C3%A9e

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... for a mechanically dithered RLG [ring laser gyro], non-linearities(sidebands) appear in the input-output scale factor curve for an input rotation rate which is a harmonic of the dither frequency... There are two disadvantages to dithering. One is that the rotation rate periodically passes through zero where lock-in occurs. This results in a "random walk" angular position error. The other is that the vibration of the gyro body may affect other components or the gyro may be affected by other vibration sources. The laser gyro need not be mechanically dithered. The same result may be achieved by optical devices.  1, record 35, English, - mechanically%20dithered

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dither: To periodically tilt from side to side.  2, record 35, English, - mechanically%20dithered

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... for a mechanically dithered RLG [ring laser gyro], non-linearities(sidebands) appear in the input-output scale factor curve for an input rotation rate which is a harmonic of the dither frequency... There are two disadvantages to dithering. One is that the rotation rate periodically passes through zero where lock-in occurs. This results in a "random walk" angular position error. The other is that the vibration of the gyro body may affect other components or the gyro may be affected by other vibration sources. The laser gyro need not be mechanically dithered. The same result may be achieved by optical devices.  1, record 36, English, - mechanically%20dithered%20RLG

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dither: To periodically tilt from side to side.  4, record 36, English, - mechanically%20dithered%20RLG

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[In the] vibrating-beam rate gyros... piezoelectric crystals on either side of a beam are alternately stressed at the beam's natural frequency, causing the beam to vibrate. Piezoelectric crystals on the other two sides of the beam are used to synchronously detect rotation rates about the beam's longitudinal axis.  1, record 37, English, - vibrating%2Dbeam%20rate%20gyro

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les gyromètres font appel aux microtechnologies. [...] Le marché des microgyromètres est principalement tiré par les applications automobiles (suspension active, déclenchement d'airbag en cas de tonneaux), qui requièrent une précision de 1°/s. La précision visée pour les applications aéronautiques ou de navigation est nettement supérieure : il faut pouvoir mesurer des vitesses de rotation de 0,001°/s. La structure, réalisée en SOI, utilise un concept de diapason constitué de deux masses vibrantes dans le plan du substrat. Les deux masses, supportées par un cadre relié au substrat par deux poutres souples en rotation, sont excitées en vibration en opposition de phase.  2, record 37, French, - gyrom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20poutre%20vibrante

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The rotation at which the current value growth rate of the stand equals the alternative rate of return.  1, record 38, English, - financial%20maturity

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Âge auquel le taux de croissance de la valeur actuelle du peuplement est égal au taux de rendement qu'on pourrait obtenir par d'autres moyens.  1, record 38, French, - maturit%C3%A9%20financi%C3%A8re

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A standard method of reducing water-insoluble substances such as pigments or dyestuffs to a fine state of division. It consists of a cylinder, rotating on an axis, partly filled with steel balls, porcelain balls, or common pebbles. The controlling factors are size of balls, relative volumes occupied by balls and substance, type and quality of substance, and rate and time of rotation.  1, record 39, English, - ball%20mill

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le broyage fin continu dans un broyeur à billes humide.  1, record 39, French, - broyeur%20%C3%A0%20billes

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A ratchet mechanism actuated by a fixed rod or chain connection with the walking beam of a pumping unit that serves to provide a slow rate of rotation to the rod string, thereby distributing the wear uniformly on both rods and tubing.  2, record 40, English, - rod%20rotor

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rotation determined solely by financial considerations, e. g. that yielding the highest rate of interest.  1, record 41, English, - financial%20rotation

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Exploitabilité uniquement déterminée en fonction de considérations financières, par exemple celle qui assure le taux d'intérêt le plus élevé du capital investi.  1, record 41, French, - exploitabilit%C3%A9%20financi%C3%A8re

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... flow rate measurement is essential in controlling all phases of processing... One of the most widely used methods is the turbine flowmeter. A turbine rotor is allowed to rotate freely in the moving fluid, and its rotation causes a sudden distortion in the field of a small, powerful magnet located in a sensor unit outside the pipe. This distortion generates an alternating-current voltage that is transmitted to a small computer. The computer analyses this information and calculates and displays the flow rate.  1, record 42, English, - turbine%20flowmeter

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Débitmètre à turbine. [...] le nombre de tours de la turbine est déterminé, pour un angle de pales donné, par la vitesse d'écoulement du fluide, donc par le débit. Pour coder la rotation de la turbine, un aimant permanent [...] est serti dans le rotor. Cet aimant induit une tension alternative dans la bobine [...] montée dans le corps. Chaque période de ce signal représente un volume donné de liquide.  3, record 42, French, - d%C3%A9bitm%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20turbine

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans la méthode de tirage de Czochralski, vitesse à laquelle tourne le germe dans le bain pendant la croissance du lingot monocristallin.  1, record 43, French, - vitesse%20de%20rotation

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the functional parts of a typical nozzle.... The flow rate, spray angle, and pattern are directly related to the design of the tangential slots swirl chamber and orifice. In operation, a source of energy is needed to break up the oil into small droplets. Therefore, pressure is supplied to the nozzle from the oil pump.... However, pressure energy alone is not enough to do the job. It must be converted to velocity energy. This is accomplished by directing the pressurized fuel through a set of slots. These slots are cut in the distributor at an angle, or tangentially, to produce a high velocity rotation within the swirl chamber. At this point, about half of the pressure energy is converted to velocity energy.  3, record 44, English, - tangential%20slot

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le brûleur à pulvérisation par pression d'huile, le combustible est injecté sous pression par l'intermédiaire de canaux tangentiels dans une chambre de rotation aboutissant à la sortie du gicleur : le combustible s'étale alors dans un cône d'expansion et est pulvérisé par l'action d'un courant d'air engendré par un ventilateur.  4, record 44, French, - canal%20tangentiel

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A metal-cutting process by which a cylindrical workpiece is ground to a prescribed surface smoothness and diameter by the insertion of the workpiece between a grinding wheel and a canted regulating wheel; the rotation of the regulating wheel controls the rotation and feed rate of the workpiece.  1, record 46, English, - in%2Dfeed%20centerless%20grinding

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Brake consisting of a set of rotating paddles (rotor) and one or more sets of stationary vanes (stator).  1, record 47, English, - fluid%20dynamometer

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The mechanically driven rotor churns the fluid and generates heat. Power absorbed, converted into heat in the entrained fluid, varies essentially as the third power of the rate of rotation.  1, record 47, English, - fluid%20dynamometer

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

UT1 corrected for the effects of a small seasonal fluctuation in the rate of rotation of the Earth.  1, record 48, English, - UT2

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

UT:Universal Time.  1, record 48, English, - UT2

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

TU1 corrigé des effets d'une petite fluctuation saisonnière dans la vitesse de rotation de la Terre.  1, record 48, French, - TU2

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

TU : temps universel.  1, record 48, French, - TU2

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In addition to the principal librations, there is a slight physical libration, because the moon's rate of rotation is not quite uniform.  1, record 49, English, - physical%20libration

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La libration physique, c'est-à-dire le balancement réel de la Lune, a lieu du fait que le demi-grand axe de l'ellipse lunaire s'écarte périodiquement de sa direction dans le sens de la Terre, alors que l'attraction terrestre tend à la remettre en cette position. La libration physique est très petite en grandeur (environ 2").  1, record 49, French, - libration%20physique

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The second is that observations of artificial satellites have proved that the equatorial bulge of the earth is too large to correspond to hydrostatic equilibrium at the present rate of rotation.  1, record 50, English, - equatorial%20bulge

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

D'autre part, l'observation des satellites artificiels a prouvé que le bourrelet équatorial de la Terre était trop important pour correspondre à un équilibre hydrostatique sous l'effet de la rotation actuelle.  1, record 50, French, - bourrelet%20%C3%A9quatorial

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish