TERMIUM Plus®

The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.

THEORY EVIDENCE [28 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2021-11-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • CBRNE Weapons
CONT

The theory that Iraq had used mycotoxin weapons against coalition troops stationed in Saudi Arabia during the Gulf War in 1991 continues to circulate on the Internet, but supporting evidence is very slim.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Armes CBRNE

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2017-09-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Evidence
CONT

... in determining whether the defence theory had an air of reality, all that was required was "some evidence" that could leave a jury with a reasonable doubt as to the accused's guilt.

Key term(s)
  • theory of defence
  • defense theory
  • theory of defense

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit de la preuve
CONT

[...] pour déterminer si la thèse de la défense était vraisemblable, il suffisait seulement de démontrer l'existence d'une preuve susceptible de semer dans l'esprit du jury un doute raisonnable quant à la culpabilité de l'accusé.

Spanish

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Record 3 2017-04-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Legal System
  • Constitutional Law
CONT

Declaratory theory is propounded on the belief that judges’ decisions never make law, rather they only constitute evidence of what the law is.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théorie du droit
  • Droit constitutionnel
CONT

[...] la théorie déclaratoire est issue du célèbre aphorisme de Blackstone : les juges ne créent pas le droit mais ne font que le découvrir [...] Elle exprime une conception classique et fort répandue du rôle des tribunaux dans un État démocratique, fondée sur le souci de préserver une stricte séparation des pouvoirs judiciaire, législatif et exécutif. Ainsi, le tribunal accorde une réparation rétroactive en appliquant le droit existant ou une règle redécouverte qui est réputée avoir toujours existé, tandis que le législateur élabore de nouvelles lois pour l’avenir.

Spanish

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Record 4 2015-08-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Practice and Procedural Law
  • Law of Evidence
  • Special-Language Phraseology
DEF

The principle that a presumption disappears once the presumed facts have been contradicted by credible evidence.

OBS

[...] unless the evidence is capable of disproving the presumed fact, if the jury believes it, and the jury does believe the evidence, it does not displace the presumption. Otherwise, the jury must find in favour of the presumed fact's existence. Thus, the "bursting bubble" theory is qualified in Canada.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit judiciaire
  • Droit de la preuve
  • Phraséologie des langues de spécialité

Spanish

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Record 5 2015-06-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Law of Evidence
CONT

The inclusionary rule in this state allows... judges to resort to any theory of logical relevance when ruling on ’prior crime’ evidence that does not run afoul of the ’propensity to commit crimes or other acts’ prohibition. "

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit de la preuve

Spanish

Save record 5

Record 6 2013-09-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Law of Evidence
DEF

A term sometimes used in criminal evidence to denote an hypothesis or theory of the case which assumes the defendant's innocence, and explains the criminative evidence in a manner consistent with that assumption.(Black's, p. 700)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit de la preuve
OBS

hypothèse disculpatoire; hypothèse infirmative : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

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Record 7 2012-06-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atomic Physics
CONT

Supersymmetry simply stated(say it ten times fast) says that each kind of particle that constitutes matter has a related force-carrying particle(Mukerjee, 90). Under the theory, fermion sand bosons are really just manifestations of one type of truly fundamental supersymmetrical particle that, at low energies, manifests itself in the apparently dissimilar fermions and bosons. The only problem with supersymmetry thus far is that there has yet to be any experimental evidence of a supersymmetrical particle.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Physique atomique
CONT

On pourra [...] chercher parmi les débris de la désintégration du Z° les traces de certaines particules encore hypothétiques mais qui jouent un rôle crucial dans l'unification des forces fondamentales. [...] [Parmi ces] nouvelles particules [figureraient les] «particules supersymétriques» [...]

Spanish

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Record 8 2011-11-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Plate Tectonics
DEF

The theory proposing that the lithosphere is broken into ... plates ... that move over Earth’s surface.

OBS

Each plate acts as a distinct rigid unit that rides on the asthenosphere, which also is in motion. The theory attempts to explain seismicity, volcanism, mountain building, and evidence of paleomagnetism in terms of these plate motions.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Tectonique des plaques
DEF

Théorie scientifique planétaire unificatrice qui propose que les déformations de la lithosphère sont reliées aux forces internes de la Terre et que ces déformations se traduisent par le découpage de la lithosphère en [...] plaques rigides [...] qui bougent les unes par rapport aux autres en glissant sur l'asthénosphère.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Tectónica de placas
DEF

Teoría que expresa la composición de la capa más externa del globo terráqueo o litosfera como un mosaico de placas adyacentes, que se comportan mecánicamente a modo de cuerpos rígidos. Los efectos mecánicos de sus interacciones se acantonan exclusivamente en sus márgenes.

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Record 9 2011-07-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Biological Sciences
DEF

Theory according to which the binding of a substrate to an enzyme may cause conformational changes that align the catalytic groups in their correct orientations.

CONT

There is good evidence that yeast hexokinase, which phosphorylates glucose with the terminal phosphate of ATP, involves the induced fit theory. X-ray diffraction studies show that the binding of both the sugar and the nucleotide causes extensive changes in tertiary structure. Also, the binding of the nucleotide to one form of the enzyme is promoted by sugar binding. These results are in accord with earlier solution studies on the ATPase activity of the enzyme in the absence of glucose.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Sciences biologiques
DEF

Théorie selon laquelle l'interaction enzyme-substrat peut causer un changement conformationnel dans la protéine enzymatique.

CONT

La proposition faite par Koshland dès 1958 considère que le site actif, du fait d'un large déploiement d'amino-acides dans son environnement, possède une certaine flexibilité. De ce fait, au moment de l'entrée du substrat, le site actif réagit en s'adaptant minutieusement à la conformation du substrat et entreprend alors le processus de catalyse. Cette théorie de l'ajustement induit [...] a reçu des supports expérimentaux. Elle permet en outre de comprendre aisément la pénétration du substrat et le départ des produits en fin de réaction.

Spanish

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Record 10 2010-02-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
CONT

... if one searches carefully, one may occasionally see evidence of the emerging view(Theory of strict liability for abnormally dangerous activities).... Mr. Justice Rand, of the Supreme Court of Canada, once based a decision on the "enhanced risk" involved in bringing water onto premises.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
CONT

[...] si on cherche bien, on peut découvrir un indice de la présence de cette nouvelle conception (théorie de la responsabilité stricte à l'égard d'activités anormalement dangereuses). [...] Le juge Rand de la cour suprême du Canada a déjà fondé une décision sur le "risque augmenté" qui entrait en jeu dans l'emmagasinage d'eau dans des locaux.

Spanish

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Record 11 2009-03-02

English

Subject field(s)
  • Management Operations (General)
CONT

Nor are scholars foolish to bet, even on the basis of weak theory and weaker evidence, that some practices will turn out to be smarter than others, or pose fewer risks, or be more context-sensitive(or any combination of those).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Opérations de la gestion (Généralités)
CONT

Les universitaires ne sont pas non plus fous de parier, même en s'appuyant sur une théorie peu probante et une preuve encore moins concluante, que certaines pratiques s'avéreront plus intelligentes que d'autres, ou qu'elles poseront moins de risques, ou encore qu'elles seront davantage sensibles au contexte (ou une combinaison de toutes ces affirmations).

Spanish

Save record 11

Record 12 2006-10-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Practice and Procedural Law
CONT

The question is whether the verdicts are supportable on any theory of the evidence consistent with the legal instructions given by the trial judge.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit judiciaire
CONT

La question est de savoir si les verdicts peuvent s'appuyer sur une théorie de la preuve compatible avec les directives juridiques données par le juge du procès.

OBS

directive juridique: terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.

Spanish

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Record 13 2006-10-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Practice and Procedural Law
CONT

The question is whether the verdicts are supportable on any theory of the evidence consistent with the legal instructions given by the trial judge.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit judiciaire
CONT

La question est de savoir si les verdicts peuvent s'appuyer sur une théorie de la preuve compatible avec les directives juridiques données par le juge du procès.

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 2002-07-10

English

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
OBS

The Journal of Social Issues is a thematic journal published quarterly by Blackwell Publishers. Through JSI the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues seeks to bring behavioral and social science theory, empirical evidence and practice into focus on human problems. Each issue of JSI is devoted to a single topic and has as its goal the communication of scientific findings and interpretations in an accurate but readily understandable fashion.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies

Spanish

Save record 14

Record 15 2001-10-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Chemical Elements and Compounds
  • Air Pollution
DEF

An hypothesis that ozone depletion is caused by dynamic rather than a chemical processes.

CONT

The Antarctic researchers claim their measurements show "no evidence for the kind of upward motion needed to support the dynamical theory. We believe a chemical mechanism is fundamentally responsible for the formation of the hole", they said.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Éléments et composés chimiques
  • Pollution de l'air
DEF

Hypothèse selon laquelle des processus dynamiques, plutôt que des processus chimiques, seraient à l'origine de l'appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone.

OBS

Selon cette hypothèse, les transports atmosphériques causeraient une disparition momentanée et localisée de l'ozone.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Elementos y compuestos químicos
  • Contaminación del aire
Save record 15

Record 16 2001-04-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
CONT

... if one searches carefully, one may occasionally see evidence of the emerging view(theory of strict liability for abnormally dangerous activities). In Richards v. Lothian... The phrase "increased danger" was employed in defining what was a non-natural use of land.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
CONT

[...] si on cherche bien, on peut parfois découvrir un indice de la présence de cette nouvelle conception (théorie de la responsabilité stricte à l'égard d'activités particulièrement dangereuses). Dans l'arrêt Richards v. Lothian [...], on a employé l'expression «danger accru» dans la définition de l'usage non naturel d'un bien-fonds.

Spanish

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Record 17 2001-03-28

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
CONT

The third way to treat a breach of legislation is as negligence per se, or as conclusive evidence of negligence, which accords the maximum weight to the violation. This is the most widely used method in the United States, having been adopted by the Restatement of Torts, and is also akin to the statutory tort theory used in the United Kingdom

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
CONT

La troisième façon de traiter une infraction à la loi est de la considérer comme une négligence en soi, c'est-à-dire une preuve concluante de négligence, ce qui accorde un poids maximal à l'infraction. C'est là la méthode la plus répandue aux États-Unis, car elle a été adoptée par le Restatement of Torts, et est également proche de la théorie du délit créé par une loi, utilisée au Royaume-Uni.

OBS

Fiche terminologique en droit de la responsabilité délictuelle fournie par le Centre de traduction et de documentation juridique de l'Université d'Ottawa.

Spanish

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Record 18 2001-03-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Educational Psychology
DEF

... the study of learning paradigms.

CONT

... learning theory is th e study of systems that map evidence into hypotheses. [Preface].

OBS

These terms usually describe the systematic body of theory and data generated by the study of learning, i.e. classical and instrumental conditioning, and usually applied to the theories and controversies current in the American psychology of learning before and immediately after the second world war and in particular the work of Hull, Guthrie, Tolman and Skinner.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Psychologie scolaire

Spanish

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Record 19 1999-08-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Management Theory
CONT

As evidence builds that the Theory Y model of management, built on commitment and involvement, is far more successful in the workplace than the bureaucratic and authoritarian Theory X model, organizations seek new and more specific guidance in how to reinvent themselves into the Theory Y mode. Schuster outlines a step-by-step process to transform management theory into practice--he calls it Strategy A.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories de la gestion

Spanish

Save record 19

Record 20 1998-10-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mathematics
  • Optics
CONT

Binocular vision gives rise to a perceptual space that is endowed with a rich geometrical structure, which according to Luneburg [...] is a non-Euclidean Riemannian geometry of constant curvature..... The Luneburg theory has been less successful in quantitatively predicting individual data, a fact that has sometimes been taken as evidence against the presumed geometrical structure.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mathématiques
  • Optique
DEF

Théorie suivant laquelle la géométrie de l'espace visuel est décrite par un système hyperbolique non euclidien variable.

OBS

Source MVISI-F : Le nouveau dictionnaire de la vision par Michel Millodot, Médiacom Vision Éditeur, 1997.

Spanish

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Record 21 1997-12-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Medical and Hospital Organization
CONT

Empirical evidence to support the theory that user fees will reduce the queues in referral facilities.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Organisation médico-hospitalière
CONT

Les preuves empiriques alimentant la théorie que la facturation des soins aux usagers va réduire les files d'attente dans les centres de recours.

OBS

Source(s) : Document de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé.

Spanish

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Record 22 1989-09-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

The overlay theory defines multiple sources of evidence available to the diagnostic module for its update of the overlay model.

OBS

See "overlay model" and "overlay student".

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Voir modèle cognitif partiel.

Spanish

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Record 23 1989-06-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

The overlay theory defines multiple sources of evidence available to the diagnostic module for its update of the overlay model : Structural evidence is retrieved from a syllabus in the form of a network of dependencies and relative complexities among the skills, along the lines of BIP's Curriculum Information Network. This network provides the notion of a frontier of the student's knowledge, where teaching should concentrate. Since it is where learning is likely to occur, variations taking place far from the frontier should be treated with caution.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente

Spanish

Save record 23

Record 24 1989-05-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

The overly theory defines multiple sources of evidence available to the diagnostic module for its update of the overlay model :(Implicit evidence) is derived from a comparison of the student's behavior with the expert's decision, and is the kind used in WEST's differential model. It requires the ability to relate a given behavior to a specific set of skills.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
OBS

Antonyme d'évidence explicite.

Spanish

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Record 25 1989-05-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

The overlay theory defines multiple sources of evidence available to the diagnostic module for its update of the overlay model : explicit evidence is derived from additional interactions with the student, either indirectly by specific test cases built to evaluate hypotheses, or interactively by questions.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Spanish

Save record 25

Record 26 1989-02-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

A body of techniques that supports automated reasoning from evidence. It is based upon the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Spanish

Save record 26

Record 27 1988-11-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
CONT

... if one searches carefully, one may occasionally see evidence of the emerging view(theory of strict liability for abnormally dangerous activities).... Mr. Justice Galt referred to the "extreme danger" of the material being used.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
CONT

(...) si on cherche bien, on peut parfois découvrir un indice de la présence de cette nouvelle conception (théorie de la responsabilité stricte à l'égard d'activités particulièrement dangereuses). (...) le juge Galt a mentionné le "danger extrême" du produit employé.

Spanish

Save record 27

Record 28 1988-11-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Tort Law (common law)
CONT

(...) if one searches carefully, one may occasionally see evidence of the emerging view(theory of strict liability for abnormally dangerous activities).(...) Lord wright has used the phrase "extraordinary danger" to categorize the work of carrying gas in mains.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Droit des délits (common law)
CONT

[...] si on cherche bien, on peut parfois découvrir un indice de la présence de cette nouvelle conception (théorie de la responsabilité stricte à l'égard d'activités anormalement dangereuses). [...] Lord Wright a employé l'expression "danger extraordinaire" pour désigner le transport de gaz dans des conduites principales.

Spanish

Save record 28

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