TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
ENZYMATIQUE [100 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2024-06-27
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Symptoms (Medicine)
- Digestive Tract
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- maldigestion
1, record 1, English, maldigestion
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Maldigestion refers to impaired digestion of nutrients within the intestinal lumen (e.g., exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) or at the terminal digestive site of the brush border membrane of mucosal epithelial cells (e.g., lactose maldigestion). 2, record 1, English, - maldigestion
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Maldigestion. Nutrients are broken down, hydrolyzed, and/or solubilized within the intestinal lumen to simpler components that can be transported by the intestinal mucosa. Bile acids solubilize dietary fat, forming micelles that are then subject to enzymatic digestion. 3, record 1, English, - maldigestion
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Symptômes (Médecine)
- Appareil digestif
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- maldigestion
1, record 1, French, maldigestion
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La maldigestion peut être la conséquence d’un déficit enzymatique en lien avec des insuffisances pancréatiques exocrines, des cholestases chroniques ou un déficit en acides biliaires lié par exemple à des troubles hépatiques ou à une colonisation bactériennes chroniques de l'intestin grêle. 2, record 1, French, - maldigestion
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2023-05-16
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Pharmacology
- Orthoses
- Prostheses
- The Eye
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- enzymatic cleaner
1, record 2, English, enzymatic%20cleaner
correct, standardized
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A liquid or solid preparation containing one or more enzymes as active ingredients with the intended purpose of reducing adsorbed and absorbed proteins and/or lipids on a contact lens. 1, record 2, English, - enzymatic%20cleaner
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Enzymatic cleaners are optional contact lens care products recommended for use in the hygienic management of contact lenses. 1, record 2, English, - enzymatic%20cleaner
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS
[It is a] protein or lipid remover. 1, record 2, English, - enzymatic%20cleaner
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS
Glasses and contact lenses are considered to be either visual orthotic devices or visual prosthetic devices. 2, record 2, English, - enzymatic%20cleaner
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS
enzymatic cleaner: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 2006. 3, record 2, English, - enzymatic%20cleaner
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Pharmacologie
- Orthèses
- Prothèses
- Oeil
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- nettoyant enzymatique
1, record 2, French, nettoyant%20enzymatique
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Préparation liquide ou solide contenant une ou plusieurs enzymes comme principes actifs et dont la destination est de réduire les protéines et/ou les lipides adsorbés et absorbés sur une lentille de contact. 1, record 2, French, - nettoyant%20enzymatique
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Les nettoyants enzymatiques sont des produits d’entretien des lentilles de contact facultatifs, recommandés pour une utilisation dans le cadre de l’entretien des lentilles de contact. 1, record 2, French, - nettoyant%20enzymatique
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS
[C’est un] détachant lipidique ou déprotéinant. 1, record 2, French, - nettoyant%20enzymatique
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS
Les lunettes et les lentilles de contact sont considérées comme étant soit des orthèses visuelles, soit des prothèses visuelles. 2, record 2, French, - nettoyant%20enzymatique
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS
nettoyant enzymatique : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation(ISO) en 2006. 3, record 2, French, - nettoyant%20enzymatique
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2023-04-21
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Industrial Raw Materials
- Plant Biology
- Biochemistry
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- lignocellulosic feedstock
1, record 3, English, lignocellulosic%20feedstock
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Lignin removal is an important technical issue for paper manufacturing and is the key challenge for the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstock into liquid transportation fuels such as ethanol. 2, record 3, English, - lignocellulosic%20feedstock
Record 3, Key term(s)
- lignocellulosic feed stock
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Matières premières industrielles
- Biologie végétale
- Biochimie
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- matière première lignocellulosique
1, record 3, French, mati%C3%A8re%20premi%C3%A8re%20lignocellulosique
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La production d’éthanol à partir de matière première lignocellulosique(comme le bois) est un processus se déroulant en deux phases, à savoir : l'hydrolyse enzymatique destinée à libérer le sucre, suivie de la fermentation proprement dite. 2, record 3, French, - mati%C3%A8re%20premi%C3%A8re%20lignocellulosique
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La matière lignocellulosique est composée de cellulose, d’hémicellulose et de lignine. Ces trois polymères distincts sont étroitement associés dans les différentes couches de la paroi des plantes et ils forment une matrice rigide difficile à déstructurer pour libérer la cellulose. 3, record 3, French, - mati%C3%A8re%20premi%C3%A8re%20lignocellulosique
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2023-04-21
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- cytochrome P450
1, record 4, English, cytochrome%20P450
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
- CYP450 2, record 4, English, CYP450
correct
Record 4, Synonyms, English
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) designates a group of enzymes abundant in smooth endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes and epithelial cells of small intestines. The main function of CYP450 is oxidative catalysis of various endogenous and exogenous substances. 2, record 4, English, - cytochrome%20P450
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- cytochrome P450
1, record 4, French, cytochrome%20P450
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
- CYP450 2, record 4, French, CYP450
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Complexe enzymatique dont l'appellation est due au maximum d’absorption spectrale que présente sa combinaison avec le monoxyde de carbone en milieu réducteur. 3, record 4, French, - cytochrome%20P450
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 4, Main entry term, Spanish
- citocromo P-450
1, record 4, Spanish, citocromo%20P%2D450
correct, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 4, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Citocromo del tipo b, que participa en los mecanismos de hidroxilación biológica de numerosos compuestos naturales, drogas y xenobióticos, en colaboración con las oxidasas de función mixta. 1, record 4, Spanish, - citocromo%20P%2D450
Record 5 - internal organization data 2022-06-30
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- adaptor protein
1, record 5, English, adaptor%20protein
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Adaptor proteins that play key roles in cellular signaling such as phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, signal transduction, organization of the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, regulation of gene expression (all distinct yet interacting systems). 2, record 5, English, - adaptor%20protein
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Biologie moléculaire
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- protéine adaptatrice
1, record 5, French, prot%C3%A9ine%20adaptatrice
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
- PA 2, record 5, French, PA
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Protéine dont la fonction est de relier deux ou plusieurs protéines différentes dans un complexe moléculaire. 3, record 5, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20adaptatrice
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les protéines adaptatrices, bien que dépourvues d’activité enzymatique intrinsèque, jouent un rôle essentiel dans la biologie des cellules en régulant l'assemblage de complexes multimoléculaires de signalisation essentiels à la transmission intracellulaire des signaux extracellulaires reçus par la cellule. 4, record 5, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20adaptatrice
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
protéine adaptatrice : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 4 février 2021. 5, record 5, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20adaptatrice
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2022-02-01
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- molecular scissors
1, record 6, English, molecular%20scissors
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
- MS 2, record 6, English, MS
correct
Record 6, Synonyms, English
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Molecular scissors (MS) ... possess long recognition sites and are thus capable of cutting DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] in a very specific manner. These molecular scissors mediate targeted genetic alterations by enhancing the DNA mutation rate via induction of double-strand breaks at a predetermined genomic site. 2, record 6, English, - molecular%20scissors
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Biologie moléculaire
- Génétique
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- ciseau moléculaire
1, record 6, French, ciseau%20mol%C3%A9culaire
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
- ciseau génétique 2, record 6, French, ciseau%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Enzyme ou complexe enzymatique dont une partie reconnaît une séquence spécifique de l'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] et l'autre réalise une coupure de cet ADN au niveau du site reconnu. 2, record 6, French, - ciseau%20mol%C3%A9culaire
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (Crispr)] pourrait se comparer à un ciseau moléculaire d’une incroyable précision. Il est capable de pénétrer directement dans une cellule vivante pour y corriger un gène. 3, record 6, French, - ciseau%20mol%C3%A9culaire
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Les enzymes de restriction et l’endodésoxyribonucléase 9 associée à un ARN guide de synthèse sont des exemples de ciseaux moléculaires. 2, record 6, French, - ciseau%20mol%C3%A9culaire
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Les ciseaux moléculaires sont utilisés comme outil de réécriture génomique. 2, record 6, French, - ciseau%20mol%C3%A9culaire
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS
ciseau moléculaire; ciseau génétique : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 4 février 2021. 4, record 6, French, - ciseau%20mol%C3%A9culaire
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2021-10-27
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Food Preservation and Canning
- Seafood and Freshwater Food (Food Industries)
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- brine pickling
1, record 7, English, brine%20pickling
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Conservation des aliments et conserverie
- Produits de mer et d'eau douce (Industr. alim.)
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- anchoitage
1, record 7, French, anchoitage
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Méthode de conservation du poisson fondée sur l'autodégradation enzymatique en saumure. 2, record 7, French, - anchoitage
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
L’anchoitage s’applique principalement à l’anchois [...] 2, record 7, French, - anchoitage
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Conservación de los alimentos y elaboración de conservas
- Productos del mar y de agua dulce (Ind. alimentaria)
Record 7, Main entry term, Spanish
- almacenamiento en salmuera
1, record 7, Spanish, almacenamiento%20en%20salmuera
masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 7, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2021-01-18
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Marine Biology
- Fish
- Aquaculture
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- smoltify
1, record 8, English, smoltify
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
To undergo smoltification [a series of physiological changes where juvenile salmonid fish adapt from living in fresh water to living in seawater]. 2, record 8, English, - smoltify
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Biologie marine
- Poissons
- Aquaculture
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- smoltifier
1, record 8, French, smoltifier
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Il existe une relation immédiate entre le niveau d’activité enzymatique dans la branchie en eau douce et la capacité de l'animal à s’adapter et croître en mer […] Ce critère de smoltification … est très utile en aquacultrue intensive […] Les [salmonidés] qui smoltifient et partent en mer, âgés de 15 mois, présentent un accroissment régulier de l'activité. 2, record 8, French, - smoltifier
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Biología Marina
- Peces
- Acuicultura
Record 8, Main entry term, Spanish
- esmoltificar
1, record 8, Spanish, esmoltificar
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 8, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Los estuarios se usaron décadas atrás para esmoltificar y engordar, con excelentes resultados productivos. 2, record 8, Spanish, - esmoltificar
Record 9 - internal organization data 2020-11-09
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Hormones
- Biochemistry
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- aromatization
1, record 9, English, aromatization
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed from a single nonaromatic precursor. 2, record 9, English, - aromatization
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Aromatization is a process that occurs naturally in the body to convert testosterone into estrogen. The reason for the name, which sounds more like it would deal with scents, is because the enzyme "aromatese" performs the conversion. 3, record 9, English, - aromatization
Record 9, Key term(s)
- aromatisation
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Hormones
- Biochimie
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- aromatisation
1, record 9, French, aromatisation
correct, feminine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La conversion irréversible des androgènes en estrogènes est assurée par l'aromatase, complexe enzymatique constitué de deux entités protéiques : un cytochrome P450 aromatase, spécifique de la liaison du stéroïde et de la réaction d’aromatisation, et une réductase ubiquitaire. 1, record 9, French, - aromatisation
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 2019-10-02
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- prefrying
1, record 10, English, prefrying
correct, noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
- pre-frying 2, record 10, English, pre%2Dfrying
correct, noun
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Pre-frying in the factory means that the potato product is partially cooked and that it is convenient and rapid to prepare in the kitchen before consumption. 2, record 10, English, - prefrying
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- préfriture
1, record 10, French, pr%C3%A9friture
correct, feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[Les produits frits] peuvent être obtenus à partir d’ingrédients frais ou surgelés, ayant souvent subi une préfriture. Cette préfriture consiste généralement en une friture rapide pour éviter toute action enzymatique avant l'étape de surgélation. Une deuxième étape de friture est ensuite nécessaire pour achever la cuisson. 2, record 10, French, - pr%C3%A9friture
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 2019-06-20
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Microbiology and Parasitology
- Collaboration with the FAO
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- extractable residue
1, record 11, English, extractable%20residue
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[The] residue extracted from tissues or biological fluids by means of aqueous acidic or basic media, organic solvents and/or hydrolysis with enzymes (e.g. sulfatase or glucuronidase) to hydrolyze conjugates. 1, record 11, English, - extractable%20residue
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Microbiologie et parasitologie
- Collaboration avec la FAO
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- résidu extractible
1, record 11, French, r%C3%A9sidu%20extractible
correct, masculine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Résidu extrait des tissus ou liquides biologiques par des milieux basiques ou acides aqueux, par des solvants organiques et/ou par hydrolyse enzymatique(sulfatase ou glucuronidase, par ex.) pour hydrolyser des conjugués. 1, record 11, French, - r%C3%A9sidu%20extractible
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record 12 - internal organization data 2019-04-30
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Food Industries
- Collaboration with the FAO
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- glycosylation
1, record 12, English, glycosylation
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The covalent addition of sugar or sugar-related molecules to other classes of molecule ... 2, record 12, English, - glycosylation
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Industrie de l'alimentation
- Collaboration avec la FAO
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- glycosylation
1, record 12, French, glycosylation
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La glycosylation correspond à un ajout d’oligosaccharides(polymères constitués d’un petit nombre de glucides simples ou-oses) au cours de la biosynthèse de certaines protéines membranaires ou sécrétées, qui de fait deviennent des glycoprotéines. Cet ajout se fait par voie enzymatique et en plusieurs étapes dans le réticulum endoplasmique et l'appareil de Golgi des cellules eucaryotes. Elle participe à la maturation de ces protéines et peut avoir un rôle décisif dans leur fonction. 2, record 12, French, - glycosylation
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
- Industria alimentaria
- Colaboración con la FAO
Record 12, Main entry term, Spanish
- glucosilación
1, record 12, Spanish, glucosilaci%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 12, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La glucosilación es una de las modificaciones que sufren las proteínas después de su síntesis, que consiste en añadir unidades de hidratos de carbono simples. 1, record 12, Spanish, - glucosilaci%C3%B3n
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS
En la glucosilación, la adición de moléculas se produce por acción enzimática, lo que la diferencia de la glucación, en la que la acción no es enzimática. 2, record 12, Spanish, - glucosilaci%C3%B3n
Record 13 - internal organization data 2018-02-16
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- acrosomal
1, record 13, English, acrosomal
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Of or pertaining to an acrosome. 1, record 13, English, - acrosomal
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS
acrosome: An anterior cap or hooklike prolongation of a spermatozoon usu. regarded as a derivative of the Colgi apparatus. 2, record 13, English, - acrosomal
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- acrosomique
1, record 13, French, acrosomique
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Relatif à l’extrémité d’un spermatozoïde. 1, record 13, French, - acrosomique
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Chez les poissons, les mécanismes de la pénétration ne font pas intervenir des enzymes acrosomiques puisqu'il existe un microphyle, mais il semble que ce trou résulte d’une activité enzymatique d’une cellule du chorion de l'œuf. 1, record 13, French, - acrosomique
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS
acrosome ou perforatorium : Partie apicale du spermatozoïde; coiffe le noyau avec lequel il constitue la tête du spermatozoïde. 2, record 13, French, - acrosomique
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record 14 - internal organization data 2018-01-29
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- synzyme
1, record 14, English, synzyme
correct
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
Record 14, Synonyms, English
- enzyme mimic 2, record 14, English, enzyme%20mimic
correct
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Recently developed techniques of organic synthesis and polymer chemistry [now permit] to synthesize catalysts having enzyme-like activities ... sometimes called " synzymes" ... It seems most likely ... that enzyme mimics (analogues) will need a large complex structure, ... as well as any portions of degraded or part-synthesized enzymes which one might hope would retain (or exhibit) particular catalytic ability. The hope derives from the finding that some complex enzymes display more than one catalytic ability, and have different domains with characteristic active sites with specificity for particular substrates and conversions.... Consideration of the development of "synzymes" leads immediately to the question of feasibility at reasonable cost in a reasonable time period. One obvious question is how faithfully must the structure of the enzyme active center be duplicated? 2, record 14, English, - synzyme
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS
There is growing interest in synthetic catalysts that mimic enzymes. Bioorganic chemists study enzyme models with the hope that results of their investigations will aid in the understanding of enzyme mechanism. With the development of industrial catalysis to the point where improvement in selectivity is a central theme in research, many believe that abiotic catalysts constructed with enzymes in mind could be of value in the chemical process industry. 3, record 14, English, - synzyme
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- enzyme artificielle
1, record 14, French, enzyme%20artificielle
correct, feminine noun
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
Record 14, Synonyms, French
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Molécule mimant l'action d’une enzyme naturelle, mais dépourvue de la structure complexe de celle-ci. En effet, les enzymes naturelles sont des protéines, macromolécules de plusieurs milliers d’atomes. Or seule une petite partie de l'enzyme, une cavité dans laquelle se loge un substrat, intervient dans une réaction enzymatique. Les chimistes ont donc synthétisé des composés ne possédant d’analogue à la structure protéinique que des cavités tridimensionnelles dans lesquelles viennent se loger, puis se transformer, des molécules «hôtes» de dimensions moléculaires modérées. 1, record 14, French, - enzyme%20artificielle
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L’une des façons de mettre au point une enzyme artificielle est d’essayer de lui faire catalyser une réaction similaire à celle que catalyse une enzyme naturelle bien connue. Cette approche a été utilisée dans le cas des cyclodextrines modifiées pour «imiter» la ribonucléase A du pancréas du bœuf. 1, record 14, French, - enzyme%20artificielle
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le terme d’enzyme artificielle peut être ambigu: il ne s’agit absolument pas de produire des enzymes par synthèse chimique, ni de synthétiser des molécules capables de se substituer aux enzymes naturelles dans leur fonction, mais de fabriquer des catalyseurs «inspirés» des enzymes, aussi efficaces mais différant fondamentalement des catalyseurs usuels par leur organisation dans l’espace. 1, record 14, French, - enzyme%20artificielle
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record 15 - internal organization data 2017-02-20
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Food Industries
- Pharmacy
- Biotechnology
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- enzymatic action
1, record 15, English, enzymatic%20action
correct
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
Record 15, Synonyms, English
- enzyme action 2, record 15, English, enzyme%20action
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Examples of ancient uses of enzymatic action, other than fermentations, are malt in brewing, stomach mucosa in milk clotting for cheese making, papaya juice for meat tenderization. 3, record 15, English, - enzymatic%20action
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Industrie de l'alimentation
- Pharmacie
- Biotechnologie
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- action enzymatique
1, record 15, French, action%20enzymatique
correct, feminine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
- action diastatique 2, record 15, French, action%20diastatique
feminine noun
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les réactions [...] envisagées jusqu'à présent étaient [...] des réactions de démolition. À partir d’une substance plus ou moins complexe, nous obtenions par l'action enzymatique des produits de décomposition plus simples. 3, record 15, French, - action%20enzymatique
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
- Industria alimentaria
- Farmacia
- Biotecnología
Record 15, Main entry term, Spanish
- acción fermentativa
1, record 15, Spanish, acci%C3%B3n%20fermentativa
correct, feminine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 15, Synonyms, Spanish
- efecto enzimático 2, record 15, Spanish, efecto%20enzim%C3%A1tico
correct, feminine noun
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 2017-02-14
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 16, Main entry term, English
- enzyme engineering
1, record 16, English, enzyme%20engineering
correct
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
Record 16, Synonyms, English
Record 16, Textual support, English
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Industrial utilization of enzymes and/or the design of protein catalysts. 2, record 16, English, - enzyme%20engineering
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Enzyme engineering entails the tailoring of protein catalysts to meet the specific demands of the end user ... This design and rDNA-directed alteration of enzymes, or enzyme engineering offer a wealth of information on the relationship of protein structure to enzyme function and activity ... Targets for rDNA-directed mutagenesis have been chosen among proteins with a known or putative relationship between structure and function. This approach has undoubtedly facilitated the interpretation of experimental results and has guided the experimentalist in the choice of site(s) for mutagenesis. 2, record 16, English, - enzyme%20engineering
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 16, Main entry term, French
- génie enzymatique
1, record 16, French, g%C3%A9nie%20enzymatique
correct, masculine noun
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
Record 16, Synonyms, French
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ensemble des techniques mettant en œuvre les propriétés catalytiques des enzymes, dans un but de production. 2, record 16, French, - g%C3%A9nie%20enzymatique
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La collecte d’échantillons aux quatre coins du monde, la sélection des souches qu'ils renferment et l'étude des activités enzymatiques de ces microorganismes(physiologie microbienne) constituent le fondement même du développement du génie enzymatique et plus généralement des industries de fermentation(auxquelles le génie enzymatique doit son essor par le développement des fermentations submergées, en particulier pour la production d’antibiotiques) 3, record 16, French, - g%C3%A9nie%20enzymatique
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 16, Main entry term, Spanish
- ingeniería enzimática
1, record 16, Spanish, ingenier%C3%ADa%20enzim%C3%A1tica
correct, feminine noun
Record 16, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 16, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
Record 17 - internal organization data 2017-02-14
Record 17, English
Record 17, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 17, Main entry term, English
- enzyme reactor
1, record 17, English, enzyme%20reactor
correct
Record 17, Abbreviations, English
Record 17, Synonyms, English
Record 17, Textual support, English
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Reactor that allows enzyme and substrate to come into contact for a sufficient period of time for the reaction to take place, and in which the product and the enzyme are easily separated. 2, record 17, English, - enzyme%20reactor
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Enzyme reactors differ from chemical reactors because they function at low temperatures and pressures, and differ from fermentations involving growing cells in not behaving in an autocatalytic fashion. 3, record 17, English, - enzyme%20reactor
Record 17, French
Record 17, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 17, Main entry term, French
- réacteur enzymatique
1, record 17, French, r%C3%A9acteur%20enzymatique
correct, masculine noun
Record 17, Abbreviations, French
Record 17, Synonyms, French
- réacteur à enzyme 2, record 17, French, r%C3%A9acteur%20%C3%A0%20enzyme
correct, masculine noun
Record 17, Textual support, French
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Appareillage où est mise en œuvre une réaction enzymatique. 2, record 17, French, - r%C3%A9acteur%20enzymatique
Record 17, Spanish
Record 17, Textual support, Spanish
Record 18 - internal organization data 2015-08-24
Record 18, English
Record 18, Subject field(s)
- Medication
Record 18, Main entry term, English
- agalsidase beta
1, record 18, English, agalsidase%20beta
correct
Record 18, Abbreviations, English
Record 18, Synonyms, English
Record 18, Textual support, English
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Agalsidase beta belongs to the group of medications known as "enzyme replacement therapy." 1, record 18, English, - agalsidase%20beta
Record 18, French
Record 18, Domaine(s)
- Médicaments
Record 18, Main entry term, French
- agalsidase bêta
1, record 18, French, agalsidase%20b%C3%AAta
correct, feminine noun
Record 18, Abbreviations, French
Record 18, Synonyms, French
Record 18, Textual support, French
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'agalsidase bêta appartient au groupe de médicaments désignés «agents pour le traitement enzymatique substitutif». 1, record 18, French, - agalsidase%20b%C3%AAta
Record 18, Spanish
Record 18, Textual support, Spanish
Record 19 - internal organization data 2015-04-24
Record 19, English
Record 19, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 19, Main entry term, English
- cryocrystallography 1, record 19, English, cryocrystallography
Record 19, Abbreviations, English
Record 19, Synonyms, English
Record 19, Textual support, English
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS
cry', cryo-: Combining form meaning cold, freezing. 2, record 19, English, - cryocrystallography
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS
"crystallography: The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. 2, record 19, English, - cryocrystallography
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS
cryobiology 2, record 19, English, - cryocrystallography
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 4 OBS
cryophysics 2, record 19, English, - cryocrystallography
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 5 OBS
Dr. J.T. Szymanski, Crystal Structure Section, Physical Sciences Laboratory, Energy, Mines and Resources, and Dr. Eric Gabe, Crystallographer, National Research Council, have not seen this term used, but agreed that "cryocrystallography" would be understood by most people. 1, record 19, English, - cryocrystallography
Record 19, Key term(s)
- low-temperature crystallography
Record 19, French
Record 19, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 19, Main entry term, French
- cryocristallographie
1, record 19, French, cryocristallographie
correct
Record 19, Abbreviations, French
Record 19, Synonyms, French
Record 19, Textual support, French
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'utilisation des basses températures, outre qu'elle protège l'enzyme de la destruction par rayonnement, ralentit suffisamment la réaction enzymatique pour qu'on puisse la suivre par cristallographie aux rayons X. [les] résultats ne sont que des préliminaires, et la résolution est encore trop modeste pour que cette photographie «instantanée» d’une enzyme en action soit la clé de la connaissance des réactions enzymatiques. Il reste vrai que ces études de cryocristallographie pourront apporter des éléments d’information [...] 2, record 19, French, - cryocristallographie
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Étude du comportement des cristaux aux basses températures. 3, record 19, French, - cryocristallographie
Record 19, Spanish
Record 19, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 19, Main entry term, Spanish
- criocristalografía
1, record 19, Spanish, criocristalograf%C3%ADa
feminine noun
Record 19, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 19, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 19, Textual support, Spanish
Record 20 - internal organization data 2015-04-24
Record 20, English
Record 20, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Cryogenics
- Biotechnology
Record 20, Main entry term, English
- cryoenzymology
1, record 20, English, cryoenzymology
correct
Record 20, Abbreviations, English
Record 20, Synonyms, English
Record 20, Textual support, English
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS
cry-, cryo-: Combining form meaning cold, freezing. 2, record 20, English, - cryoenzymology
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS
enzymology: A branch of science dealing with the chemical nature, biological activity, and biological significance of enzymes. 2, record 20, English, - cryoenzymology
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 OBS
cryobiology 2, record 20, English, - cryoenzymology
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 4 OBS
cryophysics 2, record 20, English, - cryoenzymology
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 5 OBS
Dr. V.L. Seligy, Cell Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, National Research Council, defined "cryoenzymology" as the study of enzyme activities at low temperatures. 3, record 20, English, - cryoenzymology
Record 20, Key term(s)
- low-temperature enzymology
Record 20, French
Record 20, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Cryogénie
- Biotechnologie
Record 20, Main entry term, French
- cryoenzymologie
1, record 20, French, cryoenzymologie
correct, feminine noun
Record 20, Abbreviations, French
Record 20, Synonyms, French
Record 20, Textual support, French
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Étude du comportement des enzymes aux basses températures. 2, record 20, French, - cryoenzymologie
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Cryoenzymologie et rayons X. [...] L'utilisation des basses températures, outre qu'elle protège l'enzyme de la destruction par rayonnement, ralentit suffisamment la réaction enzymatique pour qu'on puisse la suivre par cristallographie aux rayons X. 3, record 20, French, - cryoenzymologie
Record 20, Spanish
Record 20, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
- Criogenia
- Biotecnología
Record 20, Main entry term, Spanish
- crioenzimología
1, record 20, Spanish, crioenzimolog%C3%ADa
correct, feminine noun
Record 20, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 20, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 20, Textual support, Spanish
Record 21 - internal organization data 2015-01-05
Record 21, English
Record 21, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 21, Main entry term, English
- myosin
1, record 21, English, myosin
correct
Record 21, Abbreviations, English
Record 21, Synonyms, English
Record 21, Textual support, English
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS
It is found to constitute 50 to 55 per cent of the myofibrillian protein in mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. 2, record 21, English, - myosin
Record 21, French
Record 21, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 21, Main entry term, French
- myosine
1, record 21, French, myosine
correct, feminine noun
Record 21, Abbreviations, French
Record 21, Synonyms, French
Record 21, Textual support, French
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La myosine a deux propriétés importantes : c'est une protéine de structure qui possède une activité enzymatique. D'autre part la myosine peut former avec l'actine un complexe : l'«actomyosine». 2, record 21, French, - myosine
Record 21, Spanish
Record 21, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 21, Main entry term, Spanish
- miosina
1, record 21, Spanish, miosina
correct, feminine noun
Record 21, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 21, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 21, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Proteína contráctil que se encuentra en el tejido muscular, constituyendo los filamentos gruesos. 1, record 21, Spanish, - miosina
Record 22 - internal organization data 2014-12-12
Record 22, English
Record 22, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 22, Main entry term, English
- co-crosslinking
1, record 22, English, co%2Dcrosslinking
correct
Record 22, Abbreviations, English
Record 22, Synonyms, English
Record 22, Textual support, English
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Method devised by Brown which is particularly useful when, owing to its chemical nature, insolubilization of an enzyme cannot be achieved by glutaraldehyde crosslinking alone. To eliminate the loss of enzyme activity due to diffusion effects caused by crosslinking, reactions enzymes, at low concentrations, are crosslinked via glutaraldehyde to a nonenzymic protein which is rich in L-lysine residues (such as bovine serum albumin), and the resultant immobilized enzyme can be insolubilized by gel entrapment methods. 2, record 22, English, - co%2Dcrosslinking
Record 22, French
Record 22, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 22, Main entry term, French
- coréticulation
1, record 22, French, cor%C3%A9ticulation
correct, feminine noun
Record 22, Abbreviations, French
Record 22, Synonyms, French
Record 22, Textual support, French
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans [le] cas [d’une] immobilisation [par] réticulation et coréticulation [...], diverses modalités de mise en œuvre sont décrites [...] : la protéine active est soit insolubilisée par un agent bifonctionnel réalisant un pontage entre les molécules enzymatiques, ce qui produit une matrice polymérique à base d’enzymes seules; soit copolymérisée avec une protéine inerte à l’aide du même agent de pontage. Dans le deuxième cas, la protéine inerte peut jouer un rôle important au niveau de la structure tridimensionnelle obtenue et également au niveau catalytique par le maintien de la concentration à un niveau donné (apport du cosubstrat oxygène pour les oxydases). 1, record 22, French, - cor%C3%A9ticulation
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS
L'enzyme immobilisée de cette façon a un comportement différent de l'enzyme en solution. Substrats et produits sont soumis à des contraintes de diffusion. La conjugaison diffusion-réaction potentialise la réaction enzymatique faisant intervenir des concentrations locales en effecteurs. 1, record 22, French, - cor%C3%A9ticulation
Record 22, Spanish
Record 22, Textual support, Spanish
Record 23 - internal organization data 2014-09-22
Record 23, English
Record 23, Subject field(s)
- Microbiology and Parasitology
Record 23, Main entry term, English
- microbial cell
1, record 23, English, microbial%20cell
correct
Record 23, Abbreviations, English
Record 23, Synonyms, English
Record 23, Textual support, English
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT
... immobilization techniques, which involve converting the water-soluble enzyme protein into a solid form of catalyst, either by entrapping the enzyme within a cross-linked matrix of a water-insoluble polymer or by binding the enzyme ionically or covalently to the surface of a solid supporting material, [can be used] to immobilise microbial cells. 2, record 23, English, - microbial%20cell
Record 23, French
Record 23, Domaine(s)
- Microbiologie et parasitologie
Record 23, Main entry term, French
- cellule microbienne
1, record 23, French, cellule%20microbienne
correct, feminine noun
Record 23, Abbreviations, French
Record 23, Synonyms, French
Record 23, Textual support, French
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[les] techniques d’immobilisation, qui consistent à transformer la protéine enzymatique soluble dans l'eau en un catalyseur à l'état solide, en piégeant l'enzyme dans une matrice réticulée formée d’une polymère insoluble dans l'eau ou en l'attachant par une liaison ionique ou covalente à la surface d’un support solide, [peuvent être utilisées pour] immobiliser des cellules microbiennes. 2, record 23, French, - cellule%20microbienne
Record 23, Spanish
Record 23, Textual support, Spanish
Record 24 - internal organization data 2014-05-09
Record 24, English
Record 24, Subject field(s)
- Tools and Equipment (Textile Industries)
- Textiles: Preparation and Processing
Record 24, Main entry term, English
- enzymatic desizing
1, record 24, English, enzymatic%20desizing
correct
Record 24, Abbreviations, English
Record 24, Synonyms, English
Record 24, Textual support, English
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Standard recipe for enzymatic desizing of woven fabric consisting of CO [cotton] and CO blends. 1, record 24, English, - enzymatic%20desizing
Record 24, French
Record 24, Domaine(s)
- Outillage et équipement (Industries du textile)
- Apprêt et traitements divers (Textiles)
Record 24, Main entry term, French
- désencollage enzymatique
1, record 24, French, d%C3%A9sencollage%20enzymatique
correct, masculine noun
Record 24, Abbreviations, French
Record 24, Synonyms, French
Record 24, Textual support, French
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Recette standard pour le désencollage enzymatique de tissus en coton et les mélanges à base de coton. 1, record 24, French, - d%C3%A9sencollage%20enzymatique
Record 24, Spanish
Record 24, Textual support, Spanish
Record 25 - internal organization data 2014-04-14
Record 25, English
Record 25, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 25, Main entry term, English
- operator constitutive
1, record 25, English, operator%20constitutive
correct
Record 25, Abbreviations, English
Record 25, Synonyms, English
- operator-constitutive 2, record 25, English, operator%2Dconstitutive
correct
Record 25, Textual support, English
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Of a mutation that results in a loss of response to the repressor and interferes with repressor binding to the operator. Thus all associated genes of the operon function so as to produce their enzyme products at relatively high unregulated (constitutive) levels. Such mutations are usually deletions of all or part of the operator in an inducible operon. 2, record 25, English, - operator%20constitutive
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The term Oc should read Oc. 3, record 25, English, - operator%20constitutive
Record 25, French
Record 25, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 25, Main entry term, French
- opérateur constitutif
1, record 25, French, op%C3%A9rateur%20constitutif
correct, masculine noun
Record 25, Abbreviations, French
- Oc 2, record 25, French, Oc
correct, see observation
Record 25, Synonyms, French
Record 25, Textual support, French
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Se dit d’une mutation qui transforme la structure d’un opérateur empêchant ainsi le fonctionnement du répresseur. Lorsque ceci se produit, il en résulte une synthèse enzymatique constitutive. 2, record 25, French, - op%C3%A9rateur%20constitutif
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le terme Oc s’écrit Oc. 3, record 25, French, - op%C3%A9rateur%20constitutif
Record 25, Spanish
Record 25, Textual support, Spanish
Record 26 - internal organization data 2013-11-15
Record 26, English
Record 26, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 26, Main entry term, English
- selective system
1, record 26, English, selective%20system
correct
Record 26, Abbreviations, English
Record 26, Synonyms, English
Record 26, Textual support, English
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An experimental technique that enhances the recovery of specific (usually rare) genotypes. Littlefield (1964) isolated the rare products of spontaneous fusion in mixed cultures by a technique adopted from microbial genetics. Fusion of two cells deficient in two different enzymes resulted in hybrids that recovered the complete enzyme set by complementation. Only these cells survived selection against the deficient cells. 2, record 26, English, - selective%20system
Record 26, French
Record 26, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 26, Main entry term, French
- système sélectif
1, record 26, French, syst%C3%A8me%20s%C3%A9lectif
correct, masculine noun
Record 26, Abbreviations, French
Record 26, Synonyms, French
Record 26, Textual support, French
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Système pour l'isolement sélectif de cellules rares. Un de ces systèmes, inventé en 1964 par Littlefield, est couramment employé. Il est fondé sur l'utilisation, en vue de fusion et d’hybridation, de mutants cellulaires présentant des déficiences enzymatiques(telles que l'absence de pyrophosphorylase d’acide inosinique ou de thymidinekinase) qui rendent ces mutants incapables de se multiplier dans un milieu sélectif spécialement conçu et contenant, en plus de précurseurs des acides nucléiques, de l'aminoptérine. Dans ces conditions, seules les cellules hybrides dans lesquelles se reconstitue, par une compensation génétique réciproque, l'appareil enzymatique intégral sont capables d’accomplir le cycle normal de synthèse d’acides nucléiques et, par conséquent, de se reproduire. 2, record 26, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20s%C3%A9lectif
Record 26, Spanish
Record 26, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
Record 26, Main entry term, Spanish
- sistema selectivo
1, record 26, Spanish, sistema%20selectivo
correct, masculine noun
Record 26, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 26, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 26, Textual support, Spanish
Record 27 - internal organization data 2013-11-15
Record 27, English
Record 27, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 27, Main entry term, English
- overdominance
1, record 27, English, overdominance
correct
Record 27, Abbreviations, English
Record 27, Synonyms, English
- superdominance 2, record 27, English, superdominance
correct
Record 27, Textual support, English
Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A mode of inheritance in which the heterozygote has a more extreme phenotype than either homozygote, generally used in the sense that it is more fit. It is the opposite of intermediate inheritance, in which the heterozygote is intermediate in phenotype and fitness. 1, record 27, English, - overdominance
Record 27, French
Record 27, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 27, Main entry term, French
- superdominance
1, record 27, French, superdominance
correct, feminine noun
Record 27, Abbreviations, French
Record 27, Synonyms, French
Record 27, Textual support, French
Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Mode d’hérédité selon laquelle l'hétérozygotie de deux allèles s’exprime par un caractère supérieur à celui des deux parents homozygotes. Ce phénomène peut s’expliquer soit par des complémentarités au niveau de la fonction primaire des gènes liées à une plus grande diversité allélique, soit par la production enzymatique de l'hétérozygote qui correspond à un optimum d’activité ou à une potentialité meilleure d’exploitation du substrat. 2, record 27, French, - superdominance
Record 27, Spanish
Record 27, Textual support, Spanish
Record 28 - internal organization data 2013-11-15
Record 28, English
Record 28, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 28, Main entry term, English
- leaky
1, record 28, English, leaky
correct
Record 28, Abbreviations, English
Record 28, Synonyms, English
Record 28, Textual support, English
Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Said of a gene mutation which allows some residual level of gene expression. 2, record 28, English, - leaky
Record 28, French
Record 28, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 28, Main entry term, French
- partiellement fonctionnel
1, record 28, French, partiellement%20fonctionnel
correct
Record 28, Abbreviations, French
Record 28, Synonyms, French
Record 28, Textual support, French
Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Il arrive que le simple remplacement d’un nucléotide par un autre produise un gène encore partiellement fonctionnel qui détermine la synthèse d’une protéine mutante ayant conservé une certaine activité enzymatique parce qu'un seul acide aminé a été substitué ou que la transcription du gène décroisse si son promoteur est affecté. 2, record 28, French, - partiellement%20fonctionnel
Record 28, Spanish
Record 28, Textual support, Spanish
Record 29 - internal organization data 2013-10-28
Record 29, English
Record 29, Subject field(s)
- Chemistry
- Food Industries
Record 29, Main entry term, English
- Maillard reaction
1, record 29, English, Maillard%20reaction
correct
Record 29, Abbreviations, English
Record 29, Synonyms, English
Record 29, Textual support, English
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A discoloration or browning of foods that occurs on heating or prolonged storage as a result of a sugar reacting with the amino group of an amino-acid or protein. 1, record 29, English, - Maillard%20reaction
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS
It often marks a stage in the deterioration and loss in nutritive value of the food. 1, record 29, English, - Maillard%20reaction
Record 29, French
Record 29, Domaine(s)
- Chimie
- Industrie de l'alimentation
Record 29, Main entry term, French
- réaction de Maillard
1, record 29, French, r%C3%A9action%20de%20Maillard
correct, feminine noun
Record 29, Abbreviations, French
Record 29, Synonyms, French
Record 29, Textual support, French
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[...] brunissement non enzymatique des denrées alimentaires, soit à froid, mieux à chaud, par réaction entre leurs sucres réducteurs et les acides aminés de certains de leurs constituants. 2, record 29, French, - r%C3%A9action%20de%20Maillard
Record 29, Spanish
Record 29, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Química
- Industria alimentaria
Record 29, Main entry term, Spanish
- reacción de oscurecimiento
1, record 29, Spanish, reacci%C3%B3n%20de%20oscurecimiento
correct, feminine noun
Record 29, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 29, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 29, Textual support, Spanish
Record 30 - internal organization data 2013-07-24
Record 30, English
Record 30, Subject field(s)
- Food Additives
- Brewing and Malting
Record 30, Main entry term, English
- malt extract
1, record 30, English, malt%20extract
correct
Record 30, Abbreviations, English
Record 30, Synonyms, English
Record 30, Textual support, English
Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A flavorant which is formed by extracting the water soluble enzymes from barley and evaporating to form a concentrate which contains d-alpha amylase enzyme ... 2, record 30, English, - malt%20extract
Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Malt extract is a natural flavouring and colouring, rich in protein and natural sugar, and recognised as a major natural energy source. Apart from its use in brewing, it's also widely used in baking, confectionery, breakfast cereals, malt beverages, dairy products, condiments and as a caramel substitute. 3, record 30, English, - malt%20extract
Record 30, French
Record 30, Domaine(s)
- Additifs alimentaires
- Brasserie et malterie
Record 30, Main entry term, French
- extrait de malt
1, record 30, French, extrait%20de%20malt
correct, masculine noun
Record 30, Abbreviations, French
Record 30, Synonyms, French
Record 30, Textual support, French
Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Bouillie formée de farine maltée mélangée avec de l'eau et ayant subi un processus d’hydrolyse enzymatique. 1, record 30, French, - extrait%20de%20malt
Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS
L’extrait de malt peut être sirupeux ou sec. 2, record 30, French, - extrait%20de%20malt
Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Le sirop contient essentiellement des dérivés de l’amidon (maltose principalement), des acides aminés issus de la transformation de protéines, des vitamines et des sels minéraux. 1, record 30, French, - extrait%20de%20malt
Record 30, Spanish
Record 30, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Aditivos alimentarios
- Fabricación de cerveza y malta
Record 30, Main entry term, Spanish
- extracto de malta
1, record 30, Spanish, extracto%20de%20malta
correct, masculine noun
Record 30, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 30, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 30, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Mezcla de azúcares naturales, que resultan de la hidrólisis enzimática de la cebada malteada. 1, record 30, Spanish, - extracto%20de%20malta
Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Debido a su especial sabor, color y agradable aroma, el extracto de malta se usa ampliamente en la industria alimentaria con el fin de mejorar las propiedades organolépticas, valor nutricional, textura y vida útil de los productos. El extracto de malta es también un producto muy usado en cervezas y bebidas carbonatadas en base a malta. 1, record 30, Spanish, - extracto%20de%20malta
Record 31 - internal organization data 2013-07-24
Record 31, English
Record 31, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 31, Main entry term, English
- autonomously replicating sequence
1, record 31, English, autonomously%20replicating%20sequence
correct
Record 31, Abbreviations, English
- ARS 2, record 31, English, ARS
correct
Record 31, Synonyms, English
- ARS element 3, record 31, English, ARS%20element
correct
Record 31, Textual support, English
Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS
A yeast autonomously replicating sequence, ARS305, shares essential components with a chromosome 111 replicator, OR1305. Known components include an ARS consensus sequence (ACS) element, presumed to bind the origin recognition complex (ORC), and a broad 3'-flanking sequence which contains a DNA unwinding element. 4, record 31, English, - autonomously%20replicating%20sequence
Record 31, French
Record 31, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 31, Main entry term, French
- séquence de réplication autonome
1, record 31, French, s%C3%A9quence%20de%20r%C3%A9plication%20autonome
proposal, feminine noun
Record 31, Abbreviations, French
- ARS 2, record 31, French, ARS
correct, feminine noun
Record 31, Synonyms, French
Record 31, Textual support, French
Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Clonage de grands fragments d’ADN sous forme de chromosomes artificiels de levure(YAC, yeast artificial chromosomes). Le principe de ce système à munir de grands fragments d’ADN exogène(humain par exemple) de tous les éléments qui permettent leur propagation dans la levure : centromère(CEN), origine de réplication(ARS pour Autonomously Replicating Sequence), telomères(TEL). Ces éléments préalablement clonés à partir de la levure ou de Tetrahymena sont produits-associés à des marqueurs de sélection comme URA et TRP-sous forme de plasmide dans des bactéries puis, après coupure enzymatique, liés à de grands fragments d’ADN(100-1 000 kilobases) avant introduction dans des protoplastes de levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 3, record 31, French, - s%C3%A9quence%20de%20r%C3%A9plication%20autonome
Record 31, Spanish
Record 31, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
Record 31, Main entry term, Spanish
- secuencia de replicación autónoma
1, record 31, Spanish, secuencia%20de%20replicaci%C3%B3n%20aut%C3%B3noma
correct, feminine noun
Record 31, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 31, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 31, Textual support, Spanish
Record 32 - internal organization data 2013-07-18
Record 32, English
Record 32, Subject field(s)
- Endocrine System and Metabolism
Record 32, Main entry term, English
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia
1, record 32, English, congenital%20adrenal%20hyperplasia
correct
Record 32, Abbreviations, English
Record 32, Synonyms, English
Record 32, Textual support, English
Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ... is a collection of genetic conditions that limit your adrenal glands' ability to make certain vital hormones. In most cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the adrenal glands don't produce enough cortisol. 2, record 32, English, - congenital%20adrenal%20hyperplasia
Record 32, French
Record 32, Domaine(s)
- Systèmes endocrinien et métabolique
Record 32, Main entry term, French
- hyperplasie surrénalienne congénitale
1, record 32, French, hyperplasie%20surr%C3%A9nalienne%20cong%C3%A9nitale
correct, feminine noun
Record 32, Abbreviations, French
Record 32, Synonyms, French
Record 32, Textual support, French
Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Déficit enzymatique surrénalien familial(transmission autosomique récessive) entravant la synthèse du cortisol. 2, record 32, French, - hyperplasie%20surr%C3%A9nalienne%20cong%C3%A9nitale
Record 32, Spanish
Record 32, Textual support, Spanish
Record 33 - internal organization data 2013-06-13
Record 33, English
Record 33, Subject field(s)
- Biomass Energy
Record 33, Main entry term, English
- cellulosic ethanol
1, record 33, English, cellulosic%20ethanol
correct
Record 33, Abbreviations, English
Record 33, Synonyms, English
Record 33, Textual support, English
Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ethanol produced by the fermentation of crop residues, or the cellulose part of the plant. 2, record 33, English, - cellulosic%20ethanol
Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Cellulosic ethanol. Bioethanol can be produced from ligno-cellulosic feedstocks through the biochemical conversion of the cellulose and hemicellulose components of biomass feedstocks into fermentable sugars. The sugars are then fermented to ethanol, following the same conversion steps as conventional biofuels. Cellulosic ethanol has the potential to perform better in terms of energy balance, GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions and land-use requirements than starch-based biofuels. 3, record 33, English, - cellulosic%20ethanol
Record 33, French
Record 33, Domaine(s)
- Énergie de la biomasse
Record 33, Main entry term, French
- éthanol cellulosique
1, record 33, French, %C3%A9thanol%20cellulosique
correct, masculine noun
Record 33, Abbreviations, French
Record 33, Synonyms, French
Record 33, Textual support, French
Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[Éthanol produit à partir de la] fermentation alcoolique de chaînes de sucres complexes (cellulose provenant de la paille, du bois, panic érigé…) ayant été brisés en sucres simples, habituellement par des enzymes. 2, record 33, French, - %C3%A9thanol%20cellulosique
Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Plusieurs procédés ont été développés pour produire l'éthanol cellulosique : l'hydrolyse acide, l'hydrolyse enzymatique et le procédé thermochimique(gazéification). Bien que ces procédés dits de «deuxième génération» soient tous techniquement réalisables, à ce jour, le procédé d’hydrolyse enzymatique est le seul procédé utilisé à l'échelle industrielle au Canada qui utilise comme matière première de la biomasse d’origine agricole. 3, record 33, French, - %C3%A9thanol%20cellulosique
Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Les biocarburants de 2e génération. [...] Selon Ressources naturelles Canada, l’éthanol cellulosique a un potentiel de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 85 % par rapport à l’essence, alors que ce potentiel est de 40 à 60 % pour l’éthanol traditionnel issu des céréales. 4, record 33, French, - %C3%A9thanol%20cellulosique
Record 33, Spanish
Record 33, Textual support, Spanish
Record 34 - internal organization data 2013-03-28
Record 34, English
Record 34, Subject field(s)
- Biomass Energy
Record 34, Main entry term, English
- bioethanol
1, record 34, English, bioethanol
correct
Record 34, Abbreviations, English
Record 34, Synonyms, English
Record 34, Textual support, English
Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The ethanol produced by the fermentation and distillation of sugars and starches. 2, record 34, English, - bioethanol
Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The plants that are usually used for this conversion process are beets, sugar cane, wheat and corn. 2, record 34, English, - bioethanol
Record 34, Key term(s)
- bio-ethanol
Record 34, French
Record 34, Domaine(s)
- Énergie de la biomasse
Record 34, Main entry term, French
- bioéthanol
1, record 34, French, bio%C3%A9thanol
correct, masculine noun
Record 34, Abbreviations, French
Record 34, Synonyms, French
- bio-éthanol 2, record 34, French, bio%2D%C3%A9thanol
correct, masculine noun
Record 34, Textual support, French
Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Éthanol produit à partir de la fermentation alcoolique des glucides en C6 de la biomasse saccharifère ou amylacée. 3, record 34, French, - bio%C3%A9thanol
Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les végétaux contenant du saccharose(betterave, canne à sucre…) ou de l'amidon(blé, maïs…) peuvent être transformés pour donner du bioéthanol, obtenu par fermentation du sucre extrait de la plante sucrière ou par hydrolyse enzymatique de l'amidon contenu dans les céréales. 4, record 34, French, - bio%C3%A9thanol
Record 34, Spanish
Record 34, Textual support, Spanish
Record 35 - internal organization data 2012-10-25
Record 35, English
Record 35, Subject field(s)
- Biotechnology
- Immunology
- Medication
Record 35, Main entry term, English
- ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptide
1, record 35, English, ribosomally%20synthesized%20antimicrobial%20peptide
correct
Record 35, Abbreviations, English
- RAMP 1, record 35, English, RAMP
correct
Record 35, Synonyms, English
Record 35, Textual support, English
Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Peptide antibiotics fall into two broad classes whose evolutionary biology is very different. The first is a large and heterogeneous category of peptides that are synthesized on very large, modular enzyme complexes by bacteria and fungi. ... The second category is quite different. It comprises linear peptides consisting almost entirely of conventional amino acid residues that are produced by all major kinds of organisms (including microbes). These are translated using ribosomes in the usual fashion of protein synthesis, and we therefore call them RAMPs, for "ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides" to distinguish them from the non-RAMPs of the first category. 1, record 35, English, - ribosomally%20synthesized%20antimicrobial%20peptide
Record 35, French
Record 35, Domaine(s)
- Biotechnologie
- Immunologie
- Médicaments
Record 35, Main entry term, French
- peptide antimicrobien produit par synthèse ribosomique
1, record 35, French, peptide%20antimicrobien%20produit%20par%20synth%C3%A8se%20ribosomique
correct, see observation, masculine noun
Record 35, Abbreviations, French
Record 35, Synonyms, French
- peptide antimicrobien obtenu par synthèse ribosomique 1, record 35, French, peptide%20antimicrobien%20obtenu%20par%20synth%C3%A8se%20ribosomique
proposal, masculine noun
- peptide antimicrobien à synthèse ribosomique 1, record 35, French, peptide%20antimicrobien%20%C3%A0%20synth%C3%A8se%20ribosomique
proposal, masculine noun
Record 35, Textual support, French
Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La nisine est un peptide produit par synthèse ribosomique et qui subit une modification par post-traduction enzymatique donnant la forme mature de la bactériocine nécessaire pour son activité biologique. 2, record 35, French, - peptide%20antimicrobien%20produit%20par%20synth%C3%A8se%20ribosomique
Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS
peptide antimicrobien produit par synthèse ribosomique : expression proposée par analogie avec «peptide produit par synthèse ribosomique». 1, record 35, French, - peptide%20antimicrobien%20produit%20par%20synth%C3%A8se%20ribosomique
Record 35, Spanish
Record 35, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Biotecnología
- Inmunología
- Medicamentos
Record 35, Main entry term, Spanish
- péptido antimicrobiano de síntesis ribosomal
1, record 35, Spanish, p%C3%A9ptido%20antimicrobiano%20de%20s%C3%ADntesis%20ribosomal
correct, masculine noun
Record 35, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 35, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 35, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Las bacteriocinas son péptidos antimicrobianos de síntesis ribosomal. 1, record 35, Spanish, - p%C3%A9ptido%20antimicrobiano%20de%20s%C3%ADntesis%20ribosomal
Record 36 - internal organization data 2012-10-25
Record 36, English
Record 36, Subject field(s)
- Biotechnology
- Immunology
Record 36, Main entry term, English
- ribosomally synthesized peptide
1, record 36, English, ribosomally%20synthesized%20peptide
correct
Record 36, Abbreviations, English
Record 36, Synonyms, English
Record 36, Textual support, English
Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The production of ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotics can be considered a successful strategy for mediating bacterial antagonistic relationships, as judged by its widespread occurrence among bacteria. These antibiotics are produced by gram-positive bacteria as well as by gram-negative bacteria and appear to share some features, such as their relatively small size and their mode of secretion into the extracellular medium, which is dependent on dedicated export mechanisms. Many of these antibiotics are synthesized as peptide precursors which are subsequently modified by other proteins whose determinants are linked to the antibiotic structural gene. Examples of modified peptide antibiotics are the lantibiotics and most microcins. 1, record 36, English, - ribosomally%20synthesized%20peptide
Record 36, French
Record 36, Domaine(s)
- Biotechnologie
- Immunologie
Record 36, Main entry term, French
- peptide produit par synthèse ribosomique
1, record 36, French, peptide%20produit%20par%20synth%C3%A8se%20ribosomique
correct, masculine noun
Record 36, Abbreviations, French
Record 36, Synonyms, French
Record 36, Textual support, French
Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La nisine est un peptide produit par synthèse ribosomique et qui subit une modification par post-traduction enzymatique donnant la forme mature de la bactériocine nécessaire pour son activité biologique. 1, record 36, French, - peptide%20produit%20par%20synth%C3%A8se%20ribosomique
Record 36, Spanish
Record 36, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Biotecnología
- Inmunología
Record 36, Main entry term, Spanish
- péptido de síntesis ribosomal
1, record 36, Spanish, p%C3%A9ptido%20de%20s%C3%ADntesis%20ribosomal
correct, masculine noun
Record 36, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 36, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 36, Textual support, Spanish
Record 37 - internal organization data 2012-10-22
Record 37, English
Record 37, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
- Biotechnology
Record 37, Main entry term, English
- ultrasonication
1, record 37, English, ultrasonication
correct
Record 37, Abbreviations, English
Record 37, Synonyms, English
- sonication 2, record 37, English, sonication
correct
Record 37, Textual support, English
Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Breaking up cells [or DNA molecules] with ultrasound. 3, record 37, English, - ultrasonication
Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Grow the bacteria in Burks nitrogen-free medium supplemented with 0.05% yeast extract for 48 hrs. in shake flasks containing 1LTR medium use 1% (W/V) glucose, sterilised separately as the carbon source. Harvest the bacteria, break by ultrasonication or in the French pressure cell, ultracentrifuge and keep the supernatant from the lysate as enzyme. Dialyse against cold water overnight and concentrate in the cold room or refrigerator using dialysis against polyethylene glycol. 1, record 37, English, - ultrasonication
Record 37, French
Record 37, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
- Biotechnologie
Record 37, Main entry term, French
- ultrasonication
1, record 37, French, ultrasonication
correct, feminine noun
Record 37, Abbreviations, French
Record 37, Synonyms, French
- sonication 1, record 37, French, sonication
correct, feminine noun
- sonication aux ultra-sons 2, record 37, French, sonication%20aux%20ultra%2Dsons
correct, feminine noun
- sonication aux ultrasons 3, record 37, French, sonication%20aux%20ultrasons
correct, feminine noun
Record 37, Textual support, French
Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Rupture des cellules ou des molécules d’ADN par des ondes sonores à haute fréquence (ultrasons). 1, record 37, French, - ultrasonication
Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La séparation des têtes des flagelles par sonication aux ultra-sons nous a permis de déterminer que la P21b se localise sur le flagelle des spermatozoïdes alors que la P25b est associée à la tête. Lors d’une quantification par transfert électrophorique de type "Western" sur des spermatozoïdes de différents taureaux fertiles et sous-fertiles, nous avons observé que la quantité de P21b est comparable d’un sujet à l’autre, alors que la quantité de P25b montre une variabilité interindividuelle. 2, record 37, French, - ultrasonication
Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT
L'ADN cible sera fragmenté de façon mécanique(sonication aux ultrasons), enzymatique(digestion à l'aide d’ADN-ase) ou chimique(hydrolyse métal-ligand) pour que les fragments aient la taille idéale afin d’assurer l'efficacité de l'interaction avec les sondes immobilisées. 3, record 37, French, - ultrasonication
Record 37, Spanish
Record 37, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
- Biotecnología
Record 37, Main entry term, Spanish
- ultrasonicación
1, record 37, Spanish, ultrasonicaci%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 37, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 37, Synonyms, Spanish
- sonicación 1, record 37, Spanish, sonicaci%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 37, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Disgregación de células o de moléculas de ADN por ondas ultrasónicas. 1, record 37, Spanish, - ultrasonicaci%C3%B3n
Record 38 - internal organization data 2012-10-15
Record 38, English
Record 38, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 38, Main entry term, English
- saturation
1, record 38, English, saturation
correct
Record 38, Abbreviations, English
Record 38, Synonyms, English
Record 38, Textual support, English
Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The substrate concentration at which all enzyme-active sites are occupied and, consequently, at which the reaction velocity is maximal. 2, record 38, English, - saturation
Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The general principles of chemical-reaction kinetics apply to enzyme-catalyzed reactions, but they also show a distinctive feature not usually observed in nonenzymatic reactions, saturation with substrate.... At a low substrate concentration, the initial reaction velocity vo is nearly proportional to the substrate concentration, and the reaction is thus approximately first order with respect to the substrate. However, as the substrate concentration is increased, the initial rate increases less, so that is is no longer nearly proportional to the substrate concentration; in this zone, the reaction is mixed order. With a further increase in the substrate concentration, the reaction rate becomes essentially independent of substrate concentration and asymptotically approaches a constant rate. 3, record 38, English, - saturation
Record 38, French
Record 38, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 38, Main entry term, French
- saturation
1, record 38, French, saturation
correct, feminine noun
Record 38, Abbreviations, French
Record 38, Synonyms, French
Record 38, Textual support, French
Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Concentration du substrat à laquelle la vitesse d’une réaction catalysée par une enzyme atteint la vitesse limite. Elle se traduit par la transformation complète de l’enzyme en composé intermédiaire. 2, record 38, French, - saturation
Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Des concentrations de substrat de l'ordre de 10-3-10-5 M sont d’habitude suffisantes pour la «saturation» presque complète des sites enzymatiques. [...] Ce phénomène de saturation, qui est une caractéristique des systèmes dans lesquels un complexe bimoléculaire stable se forme entre les substances réagissantes, est un reflet de l'interaction forte de la protéine enzymatique avec son substrat. 3, record 38, French, - saturation
Record 38, Spanish
Record 38, Textual support, Spanish
Record 39 - internal organization data 2012-10-12
Record 39, English
Record 39, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
- Dietetics
Record 39, Main entry term, English
- nutraceutic value
1, record 39, English, nutraceutic%20value
correct
Record 39, Abbreviations, English
Record 39, Synonyms, English
- nutraceutical value 2, record 39, English, nutraceutical%20value
correct
Record 39, Textual support, English
Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The emphasis of this trial is on fruit types that are known to have or are suspected of having high levels of antioxidants and other compounds that protect against cancer and other diseases - also known as nutraceutical value. 2, record 39, English, - nutraceutic%20value
Record 39, French
Record 39, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
- Diététique
Record 39, Main entry term, French
- valeur nutraceutique
1, record 39, French, valeur%20nutraceutique
correct, feminine noun
Record 39, Abbreviations, French
Record 39, Synonyms, French
Record 39, Textual support, French
Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Des travaux de recherche portant sur l'utilisation d’emballages contenant de la vitamine E ont permis de démontrer une interaction entre la vitamine E de l'emballage et les niveaux de vitamine C dans les aliments lacto-fermentés. Cette interaction assure le maintien des taux d’antioxydants dans l'aliment à un niveau qui permet de retarder les phénomènes de brunissement enzymatique. La valeur nutraceutique des aliments en est ainsi protégée. 2, record 39, French, - valeur%20nutraceutique
Record 39, Spanish
Record 39, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Industria alimentaria
- Dietética
Record 39, Main entry term, Spanish
- valor nutracéutico
1, record 39, Spanish, valor%20nutrac%C3%A9utico
correct, masculine noun
Record 39, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 39, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 39, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Entre los ejemplos de oportunidades para ampliación del agronegocio convencional en nuestro país podemos mencionar el interés de diferentes grupos de productores y consumidores por el desarrollo de productos vegetales con valor nutracéutico. La nutracéutica se refiere a la calidad nutricional de los alimentos, relacionada con la composición química (presencia de moléculas bioactivas) que le otorga valor adicional al alimento respecto a su contribución a la salud. 1, record 39, Spanish, - valor%20nutrac%C3%A9utico
Record 40 - internal organization data 2012-09-26
Record 40, English
Record 40, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
- Bioengineering
Record 40, Main entry term, English
- heteroduplex analysis
1, record 40, English, heteroduplex%20analysis
correct
Record 40, Abbreviations, English
- HA 1, record 40, English, HA
correct
Record 40, Synonyms, English
Record 40, Textual support, English
Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Heteroduplex is double-stranded DNA in which the two DNA strands do not show perfect base complementarity. When DNA is denatured, the two strands are separated. On renaturation or annealing, complementary DNA strands reassociate and form a homoduplex. However, when there is a mutation in one of the strands then a heteroduplex is formed. The electrophoretic mobility of heteroduplex in polyacrylamide gel is less than that of homoduplex, and they can be detected as an extra slow moving bands. Resolution is better in specially formulated gel matrices (Hydro-link, MDE, etc.). In fragments of under 200 bp insertions, deletions and most single base substitutions are detected. Heteroduplex analysis is mostly used combined with single confirmation analysis (SSCA) on a single gel. 1, record 40, English, - heteroduplex%20analysis
Record 40, French
Record 40, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
- Technique biologique
Record 40, Main entry term, French
- analyse d'hétéroduplex
1, record 40, French, analyse%20d%27h%C3%A9t%C3%A9roduplex
correct, feminine noun
Record 40, Abbreviations, French
- HA 2, record 40, French, HA
correct, feminine noun
Record 40, Synonyms, French
Record 40, Textual support, French
Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Nous présentons les avantages relatifs d’une stratégie de recherche spécifique des mutations qui introduisent une signal d’arrêt prématuré de la synthèse protéique fondée sur le test de troncation des protéines(PTT), par rapport aux techniques classiques de balayage d’un fragment d’ADN ou d’ARN telles que l'électrophorèse en gel de gradient dénaturant(DGGE), l'analyse d’hétéroduplex(HA), l'analyse de conformation de l'ADN en simple brin(SSCA) ou le clivage chimique ou enzymatique de mésappariements(CCM/EMC). 1, record 40, French, - analyse%20d%27h%C3%A9t%C3%A9roduplex
Record 40, Spanish
Record 40, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
- Bioingeniería
Record 40, Main entry term, Spanish
- análisis del heterodúplex
1, record 40, Spanish, an%C3%A1lisis%20del%20heterod%C3%BAplex
correct, masculine noun
Record 40, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 40, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 40, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Empleo de la movilidad electroforética del ADN heterodúplex para estimar el grado de no homología entre las secuencias de las dos hebras. 1, record 40, Spanish, - an%C3%A1lisis%20del%20heterod%C3%BAplex
Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La movilidad en gel tiende a reducirse a medida que aumenta la divergencia entre secuencias, dado que el tamaño efectivo de un par de hebras totalmente complementarias es menor que el de una estructura donde la complementación es parcial. 1, record 40, Spanish, - an%C3%A1lisis%20del%20heterod%C3%BAplex
Record 41 - internal organization data 2012-09-18
Record 41, English
Record 41, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 41, Main entry term, English
- quaternary structure
1, record 41, English, quaternary%20structure
correct
Record 41, Abbreviations, English
Record 41, Synonyms, English
Record 41, Textual support, English
Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The association of several protein monomers into a larger unit; the monomers are held together by the same forces that create secondary and tertiary structure, hydrophobic bonding being the most important. 1, record 41, English, - quaternary%20structure
Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The quaternary structure describes the way in which certain, complex, usually intracellular enzymes consist of a number of polypeptide chains associated by means of secondary forces to form multi-subunit enzymes.... Evaluation of the functional significance of the quaternary structure is an important part of fundamental studies on the catalytic properties of enzymes. In some enzymes, which exhibit allosteric properties, the main correlations between subunit interactions and enzyme activity are generally understood. However in many other enzymes considerably less is known about the occurrence of subunit interactions or the significance of the oligomeric structure. 2, record 41, English, - quaternary%20structure
Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS
For example, hemoglobin, A, [alpha subscript 2 beta subscript 2], is composed of two alpha monomers and two beta monomers. 1, record 41, English, - quaternary%20structure
Record 41, French
Record 41, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 41, Main entry term, French
- structure quaternaire
1, record 41, French, structure%20quaternaire
correct, feminine noun
Record 41, Abbreviations, French
Record 41, Synonyms, French
Record 41, Textual support, French
Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Façon caractéristique dont les chaînes polypeptidiques s’assemblent les unes aux autres dans la conformation native des protéines oligomériques. 2, record 41, French, - structure%20quaternaire
Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Contrairement aux structures primaire, secondaire ou tertiaire qui contiennent une seule chaîne polypeptidique, la structure quaternaire implique deux ou plusieurs chaînes. Ces chaînes sont ou ne sont pas identiques, mais dans les deux cas elles sont reliées par des liaisons faibles(non convalentes). [...] Le maintien d’une protéine dans une structure tertiaire et quaternaire déterminée est essentiel pour son activité biologique(enzymatique par exemple). 3, record 41, French, - structure%20quaternaire
Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Cet ensemble n’est pas une organisation immuable : c’est un état d’équilibre entre l’association et la dissociation partielle des chaînes. 2, record 41, French, - structure%20quaternaire
Record 41, Spanish
Record 41, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 41, Main entry term, Spanish
- estructura cuaternaria
1, record 41, Spanish, estructura%20cuaternaria
correct, feminine noun
Record 41, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 41, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 41, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Nivel de estructura proteínica en el que varias moléculas individuales se unen y forman una agrupación funcional. 1, record 41, Spanish, - estructura%20cuaternaria
Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS
El ejemplo clásico lo constituye la hemoglobina, un complejo de cuatro unidades. 1, record 41, Spanish, - estructura%20cuaternaria
Record 42 - internal organization data 2012-09-17
Record 42, English
Record 42, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 42, Main entry term, English
- intracistronic complementation
1, record 42, English, intracistronic%20complementation
correct
Record 42, Abbreviations, English
Record 42, Synonyms, English
- intragenic complementation 2, record 42, English, intragenic%20complementation
correct
- intracistron complementation 2, record 42, English, intracistron%20complementation
correct
- intra-cistron complementation 2, record 42, English, intra%2Dcistron%20complementation
correct
Record 42, Textual support, English
Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The partial restoration of function sometimes seen in the cis-trans test when the two mutations are located at different sites within the same cistron. 2, record 42, English, - intracistronic%20complementation
Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS
It may then be the result of interpolypeptide complementation between aggregates of identical polypeptide chains, coded for by one cistron and which in aggregate (as dimers, trimers, etcetera) make up one (hybrid) enzyme molecule; interaction between two or more individually defective polypeptide chains may lead to one functional enzyme molecule, if mutual correction of faulty conformation occurs in the double mutant. 2, record 42, English, - intracistronic%20complementation
Record 42, French
Record 42, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 42, Main entry term, French
- complémentation intracistronique
1, record 42, French, compl%C3%A9mentation%20intracistronique
correct, feminine noun
Record 42, Abbreviations, French
Record 42, Synonyms, French
Record 42, Textual support, French
Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Complémentation partielle qui s’observe parfois chez un hétérozygote en position trans pour deux mutations m1 et m2, bien qu’elles aient touché le même cistron. 1, record 42, French, - compl%C3%A9mentation%20intracistronique
Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Dans le cas de mutants biochimiques, par exemple, ce phénomène se traduit par le fait que l'hétérozygote pousse faiblement sur milieu minimum. L'explication la plus fréquemment valable est que la molécule enzymatique, dont le cistron concerné est le gène de structure, est un oligomère formé de plusieurs polypeptides identiques. Une molécule partiellement efficace peut alors parfois résulter de l'assemblage de chaînes qui présentent toutes un défaut, lorsque ces défauts sont situés en des points différents de la séquence. 1, record 42, French, - compl%C3%A9mentation%20intracistronique
Record 42, Spanish
Record 42, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
Record 42, Main entry term, Spanish
- complementación intragénica
1, record 42, Spanish, complementaci%C3%B3n%20intrag%C3%A9nica
correct, feminine noun
Record 42, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 42, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 42, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Complementación intragénica. Situación que se produce cuando se restaura el fenotipo silvestre en un individuo F1 obtenido mediante el cruzamiento de dos mutantes independientes con heteroalelos diferentes. 1, record 42, Spanish, - complementaci%C3%B3n%20intrag%C3%A9nica
Record 43 - internal organization data 2012-09-10
Record 43, English
Record 43, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
Record 43, Main entry term, English
- subgenomic RNA promotor
1, record 43, English, subgenomic%20RNA%20promotor
correct
Record 43, Abbreviations, English
Record 43, Synonyms, English
Record 43, Textual support, English
Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Plant subgenomic RNAs. The complete replicative cycle of many plant and animal viruses requires the synthesis of less than full length viral subgenomic RNA promoters. These sequences act as template for the production of viral-encoded protein. They have been well studied in the supergroup II. 1, record 43, English, - subgenomic%20RNA%20promotor
Record 43, French
Record 43, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Biologie moléculaire
Record 43, Main entry term, French
- promoteur du RNA subgénomique
1, record 43, French, promoteur%20du%20RNA%20subg%C3%A9nomique
correct, masculine noun
Record 43, Abbreviations, French
Record 43, Synonyms, French
- promoteur de l'ARN subgénomique 2, record 43, French, promoteur%20de%20l%27ARN%20subg%C3%A9nomique
correct, masculine noun
Record 43, Textual support, French
Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les études de mutagénèse dirigée effectuées au niveau de la région 5’ codante du RNA3 ont permis de préciser la localisation du site d’encapisation et l'existence d’une structure secondaire impliquée dans la réplication du RNA3. Cette structure secondaire 5 terminale a été déterminée in vitro au moyen de sondes chimique et enzymatique. La localisation du promoteur du RNA subgénomique du RNA3 a été effectuée. 1, record 43, French, - promoteur%20du%20RNA%20subg%C3%A9nomique
Record 43, Spanish
Record 43, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
- Biología molecular
Record 43, Main entry term, Spanish
- promotor subgenómico
1, record 43, Spanish, promotor%20subgen%C3%B3mico
correct, masculine noun
Record 43, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 43, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 43, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Promotor vírico que determina la formación de un ARN más corto [...] usando un ARN genómico total como molde. 1, record 43, Spanish, - promotor%20subgen%C3%B3mico
Record 44 - internal organization data 2012-08-13
Record 44, English
Record 44, Subject field(s)
- Nutritive Elements (Biological Sciences)
- Biochemistry
- Food Additives
Record 44, Main entry term, English
- hydrolyzed vegetable protein
1, record 44, English, hydrolyzed%20vegetable%20protein
correct
Record 44, Abbreviations, English
- HVP 1, record 44, English, HVP
correct
Record 44, Synonyms, English
Record 44, Textual support, English
Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A protein obtained from any vegetable, including soybeans, which is broken down into amino acids by a chemical process called "acid hydrolysis." 2, record 44, English, - hydrolyzed%20vegetable%20protein
Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT
HVP is used as a flavour enhancer. 2, record 44, English, - hydrolyzed%20vegetable%20protein
Record 44, Key term(s)
- hydrolysed vegetable protein
Record 44, French
Record 44, Domaine(s)
- Éléments nutritifs (Sciences biologiques)
- Biochimie
- Additifs alimentaires
Record 44, Main entry term, French
- protéine végétale hydrolysée
1, record 44, French, prot%C3%A9ine%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale%20hydrolys%C3%A9e
correct, feminine noun
Record 44, Abbreviations, French
- PVH 2, record 44, French, PVH
correct, feminine noun
Record 44, Synonyms, French
Record 44, Textual support, French
Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Protéine tirée d’une source végétale, telle que le maïs, le soja ou le blé, qui est décomposée en acides aminés par un procédé chimique(hydrolyse acide) ou enzymatique. 3, record 44, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale%20hydrolys%C3%A9e
Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Elle possède un léger goût de viande et sert de renforçateur d’arôme. 3, record 44, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale%20hydrolys%C3%A9e
Record 44, Spanish
Record 44, Textual support, Spanish
Record 45 - internal organization data 2012-07-31
Record 45, English
Record 45, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 45, Main entry term, English
- catabolite repression
1, record 45, English, catabolite%20repression
correct
Record 45, Abbreviations, English
Record 45, Synonyms, English
Record 45, Textual support, English
Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A control phenomenon in which glucose, or metabolites produced from glucose, inhibits pathways of enzyme synthesis. 2, record 45, English, - catabolite%20repression
Record 45, French
Record 45, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 45, Main entry term, French
- répression catabolique
1, record 45, French, r%C3%A9pression%20catabolique
correct, feminine noun
Record 45, Abbreviations, French
Record 45, Synonyms, French
Record 45, Textual support, French
Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Type de répression enzymatique chez des bactéries poussant sur glucose ou sur une autre bonne source de catabolites. 2, record 45, French, - r%C3%A9pression%20catabolique
Record 45, Spanish
Record 45, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 45, Main entry term, Spanish
- represión catabólica
1, record 45, Spanish, represi%C3%B3n%20catab%C3%B3lica
correct, feminine noun
Record 45, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 45, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 45, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Reducción, regulada por la glucosa, de la velocidad de transcripción de los genes que codifican enzimas implicadas en las rutas catabólicas. 1, record 45, Spanish, - represi%C3%B3n%20catab%C3%B3lica
Record 46 - internal organization data 2012-07-03
Record 46, English
Record 46, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
Record 46, Main entry term, English
- enzymatic resolution
1, record 46, English, enzymatic%20resolution
correct
Record 46, Abbreviations, English
Record 46, Synonyms, English
- enzymic resolution 2, record 46, English, enzymic%20resolution
Record 46, Textual support, English
Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Enzymatic resolution is based on the ability of enzymes (catalytic proteins) to distinguish between R- and S-enantiomers or between enantiotopic pro-R and pro-S groups in prochiral compound. 1, record 46, English, - enzymatic%20resolution
Record 46, French
Record 46, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Chimie analytique
Record 46, Main entry term, French
- résolution enzymatique
1, record 46, French, r%C3%A9solution%20enzymatique
correct, feminine noun
Record 46, Abbreviations, French
Record 46, Synonyms, French
Record 46, Textual support, French
Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La résolution enzymatique est une technique dérivée de la résolution cinétique. Le composé permettant la discrimination entre les énantiomères est une enzyme. Cette enzyme catalyse, elle aussi une réaction chimique réversible et, cela, à des vitesses différentes pour chaque énantiomère. Il est possible également que l'enzyme ne catalyse pas la réaction avec un des énantiomères, dans ce cas la technique donne ses meilleurs résultats. La grande différence par rapport à la résolution cinétique est que les enzymes n’ existent que sous une forme qui est spécifiquement plus réactive pour un des énantiomères. De cela, il découle que l'énantiomère qui ne réagit pas doit être isolé en jouant sur ses propriétés chimiques différentes(par extraction ou séparation chromatographique par exemple). 1, record 46, French, - r%C3%A9solution%20enzymatique
Record 46, Spanish
Record 46, Textual support, Spanish
Record 47 - internal organization data 2012-06-27
Record 47, English
Record 47, Subject field(s)
- Chemistry
Record 47, Main entry term, English
- Gothe scale 1, record 47, English, Gothe%20scale
Record 47, Abbreviations, English
Record 47, Synonyms, English
Record 47, Textual support, English
Record 47, French
Record 47, Domaine(s)
- Chimie
Record 47, Main entry term, French
- échelle Gothe 1, record 47, French, %C3%A9chelle%20Gothe
Record 47, Abbreviations, French
Record 47, Synonyms, French
Record 47, Textual support, French
Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Échelle qui mesure l'indice de l'activité diastasique ou enzymatique dans le miel naturel. L'activité s’exprime par un indice compris entre 0 et 12. Renseignements : Section des produits transformés, Division fruits et légumes. 1, record 47, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20Gothe
Record 47, Spanish
Record 47, Textual support, Spanish
Record 48 - internal organization data 2012-06-01
Record 48, English
Record 48, Subject field(s)
- Preparation of Leather and Leather Articles
Record 48, Main entry term, English
- bating
1, record 48, English, bating
correct
Record 48, Abbreviations, English
Record 48, Synonyms, English
Record 48, Textual support, English
Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS
to bate: to treat unhaired hides or skins with a warm aqueous solution of enzymes in order to remove certain undesirable nitrogenous constituents. 2, record 48, English, - bating
Record 48, French
Record 48, Domaine(s)
- Préparation des cuirs et des objets en cuir
Record 48, Main entry term, French
- confitage
1, record 48, French, confitage
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 48, Abbreviations, French
Record 48, Synonyms, French
Record 48, Textual support, French
Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Opération enzymatique ayant pour objet de rendre possible l'élimination de substances indésirables(kératose, agent alcalin, crasse, matière grasse, pigment naturel) et de poursuivre une hydrolyse ménagée du collagène en vue de parfaire le travail de rivière. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation. ] 1, record 48, French, - confitage
Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS
confitage : terme normalisé par l’AFNOR. 2, record 48, French, - confitage
Record 48, Spanish
Record 48, Textual support, Spanish
Record 49 - internal organization data 2012-06-01
Record 49, English
Record 49, Subject field(s)
- Preparation of Leather and Leather Articles
Record 49, Main entry term, English
- bate
1, record 49, English, bate
correct
Record 49, Abbreviations, English
Record 49, Synonyms, English
Record 49, Textual support, English
Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Materials which are used for the removal of nonessential proteins like globular, mucins, elastics and residues of keratin by chemically reacting with them and dissolving them, along with some fats. 1, record 49, English, - bate
Record 49, French
Record 49, Domaine(s)
- Préparation des cuirs et des objets en cuir
Record 49, Main entry term, French
- confit
1, record 49, French, confit
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 49, Abbreviations, French
Record 49, Synonyms, French
Record 49, Textual support, French
Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Produit enzymatique utilisé dans l'opération de confitage. [Définition normalisé par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation. ] 1, record 49, French, - confit
Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS
confit : terme normalisé par l’AFNOR. 2, record 49, French, - confit
Record 49, Spanish
Record 49, Textual support, Spanish
Record 50 - internal organization data 2012-05-22
Record 50, English
Record 50, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
Record 50, Main entry term, English
- allosteric factor
1, record 50, English, allosteric%20factor
correct
Record 50, Abbreviations, English
Record 50, Synonyms, English
Record 50, Textual support, English
Record 50, French
Record 50, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
Record 50, Main entry term, French
- effecteur allostérique
1, record 50, French, effecteur%20allost%C3%A9rique
correct, masculine noun, standardized
Record 50, Abbreviations, French
Record 50, Synonyms, French
Record 50, Textual support, French
Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Molécule spécifique se fixant sur un site différent du site actif d’une protéine enzymatique ou non, et provoquant la modification réversible de la conformation de cette protéine. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation. ] 1, record 50, French, - effecteur%20allost%C3%A9rique
Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS
effecteur allostérique : terme normalisé par l’AFNOR. 2, record 50, French, - effecteur%20allost%C3%A9rique
Record 50, Spanish
Record 50, Textual support, Spanish
Record 51 - internal organization data 2012-05-17
Record 51, English
Record 51, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 51, Main entry term, English
- enzymopathy
1, record 51, English, enzymopathy
correct
Record 51, Abbreviations, English
Record 51, Synonyms, English
Record 51, Textual support, English
Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Any disease or disturbance of enzyme function, including genetic defects. 2, record 51, English, - enzymopathy
Record 51, French
Record 51, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 51, Main entry term, French
- enzymopathie
1, record 51, French, enzymopathie
correct, feminine noun
Record 51, Abbreviations, French
Record 51, Synonyms, French
Record 51, Textual support, French
Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Toute maladie attribuable à une déficience du système enzymatique ou à un défaut génétique. 2, record 51, French, - enzymopathie
Record 51, Spanish
Record 51, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 51, Main entry term, Spanish
- enzimopatia
1, record 51, Spanish, enzimopatia
feminine noun
Record 51, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 51, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 51, Textual support, Spanish
Record 52 - internal organization data 2012-02-15
Record 52, English
Record 52, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 52, Main entry term, English
- protein hydrolysis 1, record 52, English, protein%20hydrolysis
Record 52, Abbreviations, English
Record 52, Synonyms, English
Record 52, Textual support, English
Record 52, French
Record 52, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 52, Main entry term, French
- hydrolyse de protéines
1, record 52, French, hydrolyse%20de%20prot%C3%A9ines
correct, feminine noun
Record 52, Abbreviations, French
Record 52, Synonyms, French
- hydrolyse des protéines 2, record 52, French, hydrolyse%20des%20prot%C3%A9ines
correct, feminine noun
Record 52, Textual support, French
Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'hydrolyse des protéines peut se faire par voie chimique ou enzymatique. 2, record 52, French, - hydrolyse%20de%20prot%C3%A9ines
Record 52, Spanish
Record 52, Textual support, Spanish
Record 53 - internal organization data 2012-02-03
Record 53, English
Record 53, Subject field(s)
- Urinary Tract
- Bowels
- Mental Disorders
Record 53, Main entry term, English
- hereditary coproporphyria
1, record 53, English, hereditary%20coproporphyria
correct
Record 53, Abbreviations, English
Record 53, Synonyms, English
Record 53, Textual support, English
Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A form of porphyria with abdominal pain, dark urine and neuropsychiatric symptoms. 1, record 53, English, - hereditary%20coproporphyria
Record 53, French
Record 53, Domaine(s)
- Appareil urinaire
- Intestins
- Troubles mentaux
Record 53, Main entry term, French
- coproporphyrie héréditaire
1, record 53, French, coproporphyrie%20h%C3%A9r%C3%A9ditaire
correct, feminine noun
Record 53, Abbreviations, French
Record 53, Synonyms, French
Record 53, Textual support, French
Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Porphyrie héréditaire due au déficit enzymatique spécifique en coproporphyrinogène-oxydase. 1, record 53, French, - coproporphyrie%20h%C3%A9r%C3%A9ditaire
Record 53, Spanish
Record 53, Textual support, Spanish
Record 54 - internal organization data 2012-02-03
Record 54, English
Record 54, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 54, Main entry term, English
- succinate dehydrogenase
1, record 54, English, succinate%20dehydrogenase
correct
Record 54, Abbreviations, English
Record 54, Synonyms, English
Record 54, Textual support, English
Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A constituent enzyme of the TCA cycle found in mitochondria of all aerobic cells. It contains FAD as a prosthetic group and requires no separate coenzyme. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of fumaric acid from succinic acid, coupled to the reduction of FAD. 1, record 54, English, - succinate%20dehydrogenase
Record 54, French
Record 54, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 54, Main entry term, French
- succinate-déshydrogénase
1, record 54, French, succinate%2Dd%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase
correct, feminine noun
Record 54, Abbreviations, French
Record 54, Synonyms, French
- déshydrogénase succinique 2, record 54, French, d%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase%20succinique
correct, feminine noun
- succinodéshydrogénase 2, record 54, French, succinod%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase
correct, see observation, feminine noun
Record 54, Textual support, French
Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Enzyme catalysant la déshydrogénation du succinate en fumarate. Le système enzymatique le plus simple capable d’oxyder le succinate, en portant les hydrogènes sur un accepteur artificiel(phénazine-méthosulfate), a été isolé de membranes internes des mitochondries sous forme d’une ferroflavoprotéine à FAD et à fer non héminique. 2, record 54, French, - succinate%2Dd%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase
Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L’inhibition compétitive existe pour tous les enzymes. Un analogue structural du substrat, non métabolisable, est en général un inhibiteur compétitif. On peut citer l’exemple de la succinodéshydrogénase, inhibée par divers analogues structuraux de l’acide succinique (qui n’en diffèrent que par le nombre de maillons -- CH2-- compris entre les 2 groupements carboxyliques). 3, record 54, French, - succinate%2Dd%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase
Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS
"Succinodéhydrase" est un terme vieilli à éviter. 2, record 54, French, - succinate%2Dd%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase
Record 54, Spanish
Record 54, Textual support, Spanish
Record 55 - internal organization data 2012-01-04
Record 55, English
Record 55, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 55, Main entry term, English
- competitive inhibitor
1, record 55, English, competitive%20inhibitor
correct
Record 55, Abbreviations, English
Record 55, Synonyms, English
Record 55, Textual support, English
Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Substance that inhibits an enzyme reaction by complexing with the enzyme at the same binding site as the substrate. 2, record 55, English, - competitive%20inhibitor
Record 55, French
Record 55, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 55, Main entry term, French
- inhibiteur compétitif
1, record 55, French, inhibiteur%20comp%C3%A9titif
correct, masculine noun
Record 55, Abbreviations, French
Record 55, Synonyms, French
Record 55, Textual support, French
Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Substance ralentissant ou interrompant une réaction enzymatique, et ayant une certaine similitude avec celle de la substance qu'elle inhibe. 2, record 55, French, - inhibiteur%20comp%C3%A9titif
Record 55, Spanish
Record 55, Textual support, Spanish
Record 56 - internal organization data 2012-01-04
Record 56, English
Record 56, Subject field(s)
- Chemistry
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 56, Main entry term, English
- Michaelis-Menten equation
1, record 56, English, Michaelis%2DMenten%20equation
correct
Record 56, Abbreviations, English
Record 56, Synonyms, English
- Michaelis-Menten rate equation 2, record 56, English, Michaelis%2DMenten%20rate%20equation
correct
- Henri-Michaelis-Menten equation 3, record 56, English, Henri%2DMichaelis%2DMenten%20equation
correct
- Henri-Michaelis-Menten rate law 4, record 56, English, Henri%2DMichaelis%2DMenten%20rate%20law
Record 56, Textual support, English
Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An equation relating the reaction velocity to the substrate concentration of an enzyme. 5, record 56, English, - Michaelis%2DMenten%20equation
Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Michaelis-Menten equation. ... It relates the initial velocity, the maximum velocity, and the initial substrate concentration through the Michaelis-Menten constant.... Its derivation is based on the assumption that an enzyme-substrate complex is formed reversibly as an essential step in catalysis. 6, record 56, English, - Michaelis%2DMenten%20equation
Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The Henri-Michaelis-Menten equation was originally developed by Victor Henri (1903) and later confirmed by Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten (1913). 7, record 56, English, - Michaelis%2DMenten%20equation
Record number: 56, Textual support number: 2 OBS
rate law: ... a mathematical equation that describes the progress of the reaction. There are two forms of a rate law for chemical kinetics: the differential rate law and the integrated rate law. 8, record 56, English, - Michaelis%2DMenten%20equation
Record 56, Key term(s)
- Henri Michaelis Menten equation
- Henri Michaelis Menten rate law
- Michaelis Menten equation
- Michaelis Menten rate equation
Record 56, French
Record 56, Domaine(s)
- Chimie
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 56, Main entry term, French
- équation de Michaelis-Menten
1, record 56, French, %C3%A9quation%20de%20Michaelis%2DMenten
correct, feminine noun
Record 56, Abbreviations, French
Record 56, Synonyms, French
- équation de Michaelis et Menten 2, record 56, French, %C3%A9quation%20de%20Michaelis%20et%20Menten
correct, feminine noun
- équation de Henri-Michaelis-Menten 3, record 56, French, %C3%A9quation%20de%20Henri%2DMichaelis%2DMenten
correct, feminine noun
Record 56, Textual support, French
Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Équation de vitesse des réactions enzymatiques à un seul substrat qui exprime la relation mathématique existant entre la vitesse initiale d’une réaction enzymatique, la concentration du substrat et certaines caractéristiques de l'enzyme. 4, record 56, French, - %C3%A9quation%20de%20Michaelis%2DMenten
Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Michaelis et Menten publient leurs travaux sur l'influence de la concentration en substrat sur la vitesse de réaction enzymatique : ils redécouvrent l'équation de Henri! Cette relation est maintenant connue sous le nom de Henri-Michaelis-Menten. 5, record 56, French, - %C3%A9quation%20de%20Michaelis%2DMenten
Record number: 56, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Loi de vitesse. La vitesse d’une réaction chimique dépend généralement de plusieurs variables, dont les plus importantes sont la concentration des différentes espèces chimiques (réactifs et produits) et le temps. 6, record 56, French, - %C3%A9quation%20de%20Michaelis%2DMenten
Record 56, Key term(s)
- équation de Henri Michaelis Menten
- équation de Michaelis Menten
Record 56, Spanish
Record 56, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Química
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 56, Main entry term, Spanish
- ecuación de Michaelis y Menten
1, record 56, Spanish, ecuaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Michaelis%20y%20Menten
correct, feminine noun
Record 56, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 56, Synonyms, Spanish
- ecuación de Michaelis-Menten 2, record 56, Spanish, ecuaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Michaelis%2DMenten
correct, feminine noun
Record 56, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ecuación que relaciona la velocidad inicial de una reacción enzimática sobre un sustrato y la constante de Michaelis. 2, record 56, Spanish, - ecuaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Michaelis%20y%20Menten
Record 57 - internal organization data 2011-12-19
Record 57, English
Record 57, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 57, Main entry term, English
- enzymatic method
1, record 57, English, enzymatic%20method
proposal
Record 57, Abbreviations, English
Record 57, Synonyms, English
Record 57, Textual support, English
Record 57, French
Record 57, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 57, Main entry term, French
- méthode enzymatique
1, record 57, French, m%C3%A9thode%20enzymatique
correct, feminine noun
Record 57, Abbreviations, French
Record 57, Synonyms, French
Record 57, Textual support, French
Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Méthode de dosage d’un métabolite faisant intervenir une enzyme différente de celle utilisée dans la réaction du synthèse. 1, record 57, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20enzymatique
Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le glucose, le fructose et le saccharose ont été dosés par la méthode enzymatique [...] 1, record 57, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20enzymatique
Record 57, Spanish
Record 57, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 57, Main entry term, Spanish
- método enzimático
1, record 57, Spanish, m%C3%A9todo%20enzim%C3%A1tico
correct, masculine noun
Record 57, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 57, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 57, Textual support, Spanish
Record 58 - internal organization data 2011-12-16
Record 58, English
Record 58, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 58, Main entry term, English
- antienzyme
1, record 58, English, antienzyme
correct
Record 58, Abbreviations, English
Record 58, Synonyms, English
- anti-enzyme 2, record 58, English, anti%2Denzyme
correct
Record 58, Textual support, English
Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 DEF
an agent that inhibits or prevents the action of an enzyme. 1, record 58, English, - antienzyme
Record 58, French
Record 58, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 58, Main entry term, French
- antienzyme
1, record 58, French, antienzyme
correct
Record 58, Abbreviations, French
Record 58, Synonyms, French
- antiferment 2, record 58, French, antiferment
masculine noun, obsolete
Record 58, Textual support, French
Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Inhibiteur d’enzyme à action directe et spécifique et qui s’oppose à une activité enzymatique donnée. 3, record 58, French, - antienzyme
Record 58, Spanish
Record 58, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 58, Main entry term, Spanish
- antienzima
1, record 58, Spanish, antienzima
correct, feminine noun
Record 58, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 58, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 58, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Agente que inhibe selectivamente la acción de una enzima. 2, record 58, Spanish, - antienzima
Record 59 - internal organization data 2011-11-24
Record 59, English
Record 59, Subject field(s)
- Bioengineering
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Record 59, Main entry term, English
- molecular fingerprinting 1, record 59, English, molecular%20fingerprinting
Record 59, Abbreviations, English
Record 59, Synonyms, English
Record 59, Textual support, English
Record 59, French
Record 59, Domaine(s)
- Technique biologique
- Biochimie
- Biologie moléculaire
- Génétique
Record 59, Main entry term, French
- technique d'empreinte macromoléculaire
1, record 59, French, technique%20d%27empreinte%20macromol%C3%A9culaire
correct, feminine noun
Record 59, Abbreviations, French
Record 59, Synonyms, French
- empreinte macromoléculaire 1, record 59, French, empreinte%20macromol%C3%A9culaire
correct, feminine noun
Record 59, Textual support, French
Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Caractérisation d’un individu ou d’une espèce à partir des produits du clivage enzymatique de ses protéines ou de son ADN. 1, record 59, French, - technique%20d%27empreinte%20macromol%C3%A9culaire
Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 OBS
technique d’empreinte macromoléculaire; empreinte macromoléculaire : termes et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 6 juillet 2008. 2, record 59, French, - technique%20d%27empreinte%20macromol%C3%A9culaire
Record 59, Spanish
Record 59, Textual support, Spanish
Record 60 - internal organization data 2011-10-21
Record 60, English
Record 60, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 60, Main entry term, English
- support
1, record 60, English, support
correct
Record 60, Abbreviations, English
Record 60, Synonyms, English
- carrier 2, record 60, English, carrier
correct
- matrix 2, record 60, English, matrix
correct
Record 60, Textual support, English
Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The covalent attachment of water-soluble enzyme molecules via nonessential amino acid residues to water-insoluble, functionalized supports is the most prevalent method for immobilizing enzymes.... Enzymes immobilized on inorganic supports by covalent attachment show unique pH optimums, thermal profiles and kinetics.... Once a protein is covalently coupled to the support, its physicochemical characteristics must be compared with those in the native state. 3, record 60, English, - support
Record 60, French
Record 60, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 60, Main entry term, French
- support
1, record 60, French, support
correct, masculine noun
Record 60, Abbreviations, French
Record 60, Synonyms, French
- matrice 2, record 60, French, matrice
correct, feminine noun
Record 60, Textual support, French
Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Système sur lequel est disposé un catalyseur. 1, record 60, French, - support
Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Grâce à leur spécificité et leur rapidité d’action dans des conditions douces, les enzymes peuvent constituer des réactifs très précieux offrant d’énormes possibilités. Cependant, leur emploi en solution reste limité en raison de leur fragilité(dénaturation) et de la difficulté de récupération de l'enzyme pour une utilisation répétée. Ces inconvénients ont été considérablement réduits par l'immobilisation des enzymes, qui a pu être réalisée par des procédés très divers : réticulation de la protéine enzymatique, conduisant à des agrégats insolubles, inclusion dans les mailles d’un gel(...) ou en microcapsules poreuses, ou fixation sur un support solide insoluble(matrice) par adsorption, ou mieux par liaison covalente. 3, record 60, French, - support
Record 60, Spanish
Record 60, Textual support, Spanish
Record 61 - internal organization data 2011-10-21
Record 61, English
Record 61, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 61, Main entry term, English
- thermoinactivation
1, record 61, English, thermoinactivation
correct
Record 61, Abbreviations, English
Record 61, Synonyms, English
- thermal inactivation 2, record 61, English, thermal%20inactivation
correct
Record 61, Textual support, English
Record number: 61, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Destruction of the power to act by exposure to heat. 1, record 61, English, - thermoinactivation
Record number: 61, Textual support number: 1 CONT
From a practical point of view, thermal inactivation is the most important mode of enzyme denaturation.... [Researchers have] demonstrated the linkage between conformational mobility enzyme specificity and the thermoinactivation process. 3, record 61, English, - thermoinactivation
Record 61, French
Record 61, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 61, Main entry term, French
- inactivation thermique
1, record 61, French, inactivation%20thermique
correct, feminine noun
Record 61, Abbreviations, French
Record 61, Synonyms, French
- thermoinactivation 2, record 61, French, thermoinactivation
correct, feminine noun
Record 61, Textual support, French
Record number: 61, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une utilisation importante de l'inactivation thermique est la suivante : soit une préparation biologique qui possède une double action enzymatique, sur deux substrats différents. On veut savoir si ceci est dû à deux enzymes différentes ou à une seule enzyme à double spécificité. On fait des courbes d’inactivation thermique en dosant pour chaque point les deux activités enzymatiques. Si les droites correspondant à ces activités coïncident, il y a des chances que l'on ait affaire à une seule enzyme. Sinon il est vraisemblable que des enzymes différentes catalysent ces réactions. Il ne faut pas oublier que le substrat exerce une action protectrice sur l'enzyme. 1, record 61, French, - inactivation%20thermique
Record 61, Spanish
Record 61, Textual support, Spanish
Record 62 - internal organization data 2011-10-21
Record 62, English
Record 62, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 62, Main entry term, English
- enzyme activation
1, record 62, English, enzyme%20activation
correct
Record 62, Abbreviations, English
Record 62, Synonyms, English
Record 62, Textual support, English
Record number: 62, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Mechanism in which the activity of an enzyme is increased by a direct effect on the enzyme, rather than due to new protein synthesis. 1, record 62, English, - enzyme%20activation
Record 62, French
Record 62, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 62, Main entry term, French
- activation enzymatique
1, record 62, French, activation%20enzymatique
correct, feminine noun
Record 62, Abbreviations, French
Record 62, Synonyms, French
Record 62, Textual support, French
Record number: 62, Textual support number: 1 CONT
De nombreuses enzymes exigent, pour être actives, la présence de cations métalliques(généralement divalents). La spécificité de cette activation est variable, mais souvent assez grande. [...] L'activation enzymatique par des ions est bien différente de l'activation des proenzymes ou zymogènes qui implique des modifications de la protéine enzymatique, souvent accompagnées d’une variation du poids moléculaire(comme dans le cas pepsinogène). 2, record 62, French, - activation%20enzymatique
Record 62, Spanish
Record 62, Textual support, Spanish
Record 63 - internal organization data 2011-10-21
Record 63, English
Record 63, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 63, Main entry term, English
- assay of enzyme activity
1, record 63, English, assay%20of%20enzyme%20activity
correct
Record 63, Abbreviations, English
Record 63, Synonyms, English
Record 63, Textual support, English
Record number: 63, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The rate of a particular enzyme-catalysed reaction can often be measured in a number of ways but there is normally one method which is more convenient than the others... The quantitative assay of enzyme activity is carried out most quickly and conveniently when the substrate or the product is colored or absorbs light in the ultraviolet region because the rate of appearance or disappearance of a light-absorbing product or substrate can be followed with a spectrophotometer, giving a continuous record of the progress of the reaction on a strip chart... Enzyme catalysed reactions can be monitored spectrophotometrically, as many of the substrates or products of enzymes absorb visible or non-visible light. This is the commonest and simplest method of assaying enzymes. 2, record 63, English, - assay%20of%20enzyme%20activity
Record 63, French
Record 63, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 63, Main entry term, French
- mesure de l'activité enzymatique
1, record 63, French, mesure%20de%20l%27activit%C3%A9%20enzymatique
correct, feminine noun
Record 63, Abbreviations, French
Record 63, Synonyms, French
Record 63, Textual support, French
Record number: 63, Textual support number: 1 CONT
En biochimie, en biologie moléculaire comme en séméiologie biochimique, il est indispensable de mesurer la quantité d’enzyme présent dans un milieu quelconque(cellule, fraction subcellulaire, effluent de chromatographie, sérum sanguin, etc.)(...) Actuellement en enzymologie, et spécialement en biologie clinique, on utilise une méthode physiologique de dosage : elle repose sur la mesure de l'activité enzymatique du produit biologique étudié. [Pour ce faire], on effectue des dosages par des méthodes chimiques, chromatographiques, colorimétriques, manométriques, selon le cas. Parfois en peut utiliser des techniques de dosage en continu, notamment spectrophotométriques(...) ou encore titrimétriques.(...) La mesure de l'activité enzymatique se traduira toujours par une mesure de vitesse de réaction réalisée dans les conditions optimales. 2, record 63, French, - mesure%20de%20l%27activit%C3%A9%20enzymatique
Record 63, Spanish
Record 63, Textual support, Spanish
Record 64 - internal organization data 2011-09-08
Record 64, English
Record 64, Subject field(s)
- Genetics
- Biotechnology
Record 64, Main entry term, English
- genetic marker
1, record 64, English, genetic%20marker
correct
Record 64, Abbreviations, English
Record 64, Synonyms, English
Record 64, Textual support, English
Record 64, French
Record 64, Domaine(s)
- Génétique
- Biotechnologie
Record 64, Main entry term, French
- marqueur génétique
1, record 64, French, marqueur%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique
correct, masculine noun
Record 64, Abbreviations, French
Record 64, Synonyms, French
Record 64, Textual support, French
Record number: 64, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Trait génotypique(par exemple, un RFLP [polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de restriction]) ou phénotypique(par exemple, une variante enzymatique) permettant de repérer une cellule ou un chromosome. 2, record 64, French, - marqueur%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique
Record 64, Spanish
Record 64, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Genética
- Biotecnología
Record 64, Main entry term, Spanish
- marcador genético
1, record 64, Spanish, marcador%20gen%C3%A9tico
correct, masculine noun
Record 64, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 64, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 64, Textual support, Spanish
Record 65 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 65, English
Record 65, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 65, Main entry term, English
- reversible inhibition
1, record 65, English, reversible%20inhibition
correct
Record 65, Abbreviations, English
Record 65, Synonyms, English
- reversible enzyme inhibition 2, record 65, English, reversible%20enzyme%20inhibition
correct
Record 65, Textual support, English
Record number: 65, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In reversible inhibition of enzymes ... the inhibitor participates in a rapidly established, easily reversible equilibrium with the enzyme or enzyme-substrate complex, which can be analyzed in terms of the Michaelis-Menten formalism.... The three major types of reversible enzyme inhibition, competitive, uncompetitive, and noncompetitive, can be experimentally distinguished by the effects of the inhibitor on the reaction kinetics of the enzyme, which may be analyzed in terms of the basic Michaelis-Menten rate equation. For valid kinetic analysis the inhibitor must combine rapidly and reversibly with the enzyme or enzyme-substrate complex. 2, record 65, English, - reversible%20inhibition
Record 65, French
Record 65, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 65, Main entry term, French
- inhibition réversible
1, record 65, French, inhibition%20r%C3%A9versible
correct, feminine noun
Record 65, Abbreviations, French
Record 65, Synonyms, French
- inhibition enzymatique réversible 2, record 65, French, inhibition%20enzymatique%20r%C3%A9versible
correct, feminine noun
Record 65, Textual support, French
Record number: 65, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Inhibition non permanente où l’inhibiteur ne se combine pas de façon covalente sur l’enzyme. L’inhibition est dans ce cas un processus rapide. En général, une dialyse, éliminant l’inhibiteur, restaure l’activité de l’enzyme. Les inhibiteurs agissant de cette façon sont assez spécifiques. On distingue plusieurs modalités de l’inhibition réversible appelées inhibitions : compétitive, non compétitive et incompétitive. 2, record 65, French, - inhibition%20r%C3%A9versible
Record number: 65, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les trois types principaux d’inhibition enzymatique réversible, compétitive, incompétitive et non compétitive se distinguent expérimentalement par les effets de l'inhibiteur sur la cinétique de la réaction enzymatique étudiée à l'aide de l'équation de Michaelis-Menten. Pour une analyse cinétique valable, l'inhibiteur doit se combiner rapidement et réversiblement avec l'enzyme ou avec le complexe enzyme-substrat. 3, record 65, French, - inhibition%20r%C3%A9versible
Record 65, Spanish
Record 65, Textual support, Spanish
Record 66 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 66, English
Record 66, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 66, Main entry term, English
- Km
1, record 66, English, Km
correct
Record 66, Abbreviations, English
Record 66, Synonyms, English
- Michaelis constant 2, record 66, English, Michaelis%20constant
correct
Record 66, Textual support, English
Record number: 66, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A constant of great practical importance since it is equal to the substrate concentration required to reach half the maximum velocity. This constant of a substrate is therefore, a measure of the affinity of the enzyme for that substrate: the lower the constant, the higher the affinity. The constant possesses the unit gram molecule per liter (M) and it is independent of enzyme concentration. Kinetically, it is related to a number of rate constants. Values are usually in the range of 10-[supercript2]M to 10[Supercript 6)M. 3, record 66, English, - Km
Record number: 66, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A landmark paper has been published by Winter et al. (1982) on the redesigning of enzyme structure by site directed mutagenesis.... This is a method for systematically replacing (during biosynthesis) an amino acid at a particular site with another amino acid, and observing the consequences. In the quoted text, a reduction in enzymic activity was observed that was largely due to a lowered Michaelis constant (Km) for the ATP required to join the tyrosine to the transfer RNA. 4, record 66, English, - Km
Record number: 66, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The Michaelis constant determined for immobilized enzymes is necessarily only an apparent constant (K'm) and should be distinguished clearly from the constant normally determined with the soluble enzyme. 5, record 66, English, - Km
Record number: 66, Textual support number: 2 OBS
The term Km should read Km. 6, record 66, English, - Km
Record 66, French
Record 66, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 66, Main entry term, French
- Km
1, record 66, French, Km
correct
Record 66, Abbreviations, French
Record 66, Synonyms, French
- constante de Michaelis 2, record 66, French, constante%20de%20Michaelis
correct, feminine noun
- constante de Michaelis-Menten 3, record 66, French, constante%20de%20Michaelis%2DMenten
correct, feminine noun
Record 66, Textual support, French
Record number: 66, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Constante de cinétique enzymatique représentant la concentration de substrat pour laquelle la vitesse d’activité enzymatique est la moitié de la vitesse maximale. Elle s’exprime en mole/litre et définit bien l'affinité de l'enzyme pour son substrat. Elle varie avec chaque enzyme et suivant les conditions expérimentales(pH, nature du substrat). 3, record 66, French, - Km
Record number: 66, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La constante de Michaelis d’une enzyme est d’autant plus basse que l’enzyme est plus active, puisqu’elle exprime approximativement l’inverse de l’affinité du substrat pour l’enzyme. [...] La connaissance de la Km d’une enzyme est importante car une enzyme à Km élevée ne pourra agir avec efficacité dans la cellule que si le substrat s’y trouve à concentration élevée. 4, record 66, French, - Km
Record number: 66, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le terme Km s’écrit Km. 5, record 66, French, - Km
Record 66, Spanish
Record 66, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 66, Main entry term, Spanish
- constante de Michaelis
1, record 66, Spanish, constante%20de%20Michaelis
correct, feminine noun
Record 66, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 66, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 66, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 66, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Parámetro cinético de una enzima cuyo inverso da en ocasiones una medida de la afinidad entre sustrato y enzima. 2, record 66, Spanish, - constante%20de%20Michaelis
Record 67 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 67, English
Record 67, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 67, Main entry term, English
- optimum temperature
1, record 67, English, optimum%20temperature
correct
Record 67, Abbreviations, English
Record 67, Synonyms, English
- temperature optimum 2, record 67, English, temperature%20optimum
correct
Record 67, Textual support, English
Record number: 67, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Temperature at which an enzyme exhibits maximal activity under specified conditions. 1, record 67, English, - optimum%20temperature
Record number: 67, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Although enzyme-catalyzed reactions often appear to have an optimum temperature, the peak in such a plot of catalytic activity vs. temperature results because enzymes, being proteins, are denatured by heat and become inactive as the temperature is raised beyond a certain point. The apparent temperature "optimum" is thus the resultant of two processes: (1) the usual increase in reaction rate with temperature and (2) the increasing rate of thermal denaturation of the enzyme above a critical temperature. 3, record 67, English, - optimum%20temperature
Record 67, French
Record 67, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 67, Main entry term, French
- température optimale
1, record 67, French, temp%C3%A9rature%20optimale
correct, feminine noun
Record 67, Abbreviations, French
Record 67, Synonyms, French
Record 67, Textual support, French
Record number: 67, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Température à laquelle la vitesse de réaction enzymatique atteint une valeur maximale. 2, record 67, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20optimale
Record number: 67, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La température optimale est un compromis entre le fait que l'élévation de température augmente la vitesse de réaction et qu'en même temps, elle dénature l'enzyme. Il est difficile de donner une valeur précise à la température optimale d’une réaction enzymatique, la vitesse de dénaturation de l'enzyme étant fonction du pH et de la durée de la réaction.(...) Plus le temps est court, plus la température optimale peut être élevée. 3, record 67, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20optimale
Record 67, Spanish
Record 67, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 67, Main entry term, Spanish
- temperatura óptima
1, record 67, Spanish, temperatura%20%C3%B3ptima
correct, feminine noun
Record 67, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 67, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 67, Textual support, Spanish
Record 68 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 68, English
Record 68, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 68, Main entry term, English
- liquid-surfactant membrane microcapsule
1, record 68, English, liquid%2Dsurfactant%20membrane%20microcapsule
correct
Record 68, Abbreviations, English
Record 68, Synonyms, English
- nonpermanent microcapsule 2, record 68, English, nonpermanent%20microcapsule
correct
Record 68, Textual support, English
Record number: 68, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Enzymes can be immobilized within microcapsules that have either a permanent or nonpermanent semipermeable membrane.... Nonpermanent membranes or "liquid-surfactant membranes" ... refer to a water-immiscible phase composed of surfactants, "additives", and a hydrocarbon solvent that contain emulsion-size aqueous droplets of various reagents or catalysts.... The general procedure for immobilizing enzymes with liquid-surfactants membranes microcapsules is similar to that used for microencapsulation with permanent membranes. The aqueous enzyme-containing solution is emulsified with a surfactant to form the liquid membrane encapsulated enzyme. Once prepared, the microcapsules are transferred to an aqueous solution to which then can be added the substrate. 2, record 68, English, - liquid%2Dsurfactant%20membrane%20microcapsule
Record 68, French
Record 68, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 68, Main entry term, French
- microcapsule à membrane liquide
1, record 68, French, microcapsule%20%C3%A0%20membrane%20liquide
correct, feminine noun
Record 68, Abbreviations, French
Record 68, Synonyms, French
Record 68, Textual support, French
Record number: 68, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les microcapsules à membrane liquide [...] présentent l'intérêt de pouvoir être très facilement préparées et de permettre la récupération du matériau enzymatique par simple rupture. Ainsi lorsque l'on soumet à des ultrasons des agrégats obtenus par dispersion de phospholipides dans l'eau, on donne naissance à des sphères closes limitées par une double couche lipidique [...], les liposomes [...], emprisonnant des gouttelettes d’enzymes en solution aqueuse. 2, record 68, French, - microcapsule%20%C3%A0%20membrane%20liquide
Record number: 68, Textual support number: 1 OBS
À l’inverse des autres techniques, la pénétration du substrat ne dépend pas alors de la taille des pores de la membrane mais de sa solubilité dans les constituants lipidiques. 3, record 68, French, - microcapsule%20%C3%A0%20membrane%20liquide
Record 68, Spanish
Record 68, Textual support, Spanish
Record 69 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 69, English
Record 69, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 69, Main entry term, English
- optimum pH
1, record 69, English, optimum%20pH
correct
Record 69, Abbreviations, English
Record 69, Synonyms, English
- pH optimum 2, record 69, English, pH%20optimum
correct
Record 69, Textual support, English
Record number: 69, Textual support number: 1 DEF
pH at which an enzymatic ... reaction or process is most effective. 1, record 69, English, - optimum%20pH
Record number: 69, Textual support number: 1 CONT
All enzymes exhibit various features that could conceivably be elements in the regulation of their activity in living cells. All have a characteristic optimum pH, which makes possible alteration of their catalytic rates with changes in intracellular pH.... Enzymes immobilized on inorganic supports by covalent attachment show unique pH optimums, thermal profiles and kinetics. 3, record 69, English, - optimum%20pH
Record 69, French
Record 69, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 69, Main entry term, French
- pH optimum
1, record 69, French, pH%20optimum
correct, masculine noun
Record 69, Abbreviations, French
Record 69, Synonyms, French
- pH optimal 2, record 69, French, pH%20optimal
correct, masculine noun
Record 69, Textual support, French
Record number: 69, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Valeur du pH pour laquelle la vitesse d’une réaction enzymatique passe par un maximum. 2, record 69, French, - pH%20optimum
Record number: 69, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Plusieurs effets dus au pH ont une influence significative sur l'activité enzymatique. Le plus simple [...] est représenté par la dénaturation de la protéine enzymatique [...]. Un second effet, ne tenant pas à l'enzyme lui-même, est le phénomène d’ionisation du substrat. Un troisième effet est représenté par l'ionisation de l'enzyme [...]. Au pH optimum, la protéine enzymatique possède une charge minimale. Le pH optimum est en général assez voisin du point iso-ionique de la protéine. 3, record 69, French, - pH%20optimum
Record 69, Spanish
Record 69, Textual support, Spanish
Record 70 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 70, English
Record 70, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 70, Main entry term, English
- noncompetitive inhibition
1, record 70, English, noncompetitive%20inhibition
correct
Record 70, Abbreviations, English
Record 70, Synonyms, English
- non-competitive inhibition 2, record 70, English, non%2Dcompetitive%20inhibition
correct
Record 70, Textual support, English
Record number: 70, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Inhibition of enzyme action based solely on the concentration of the inhibitor; substrate concentration is not a factor. The inhibitors combine with the enzyme on a site other than that utilized by the substrate. 2, record 70, English, - noncompetitive%20inhibition
Record number: 70, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In non-competitive inhibition the binding of the inhibitor substance is thought to induce a conformational change in the enzyme molecule which does not interfere with the attachment of the substrate to the active site, but which greatly reduces the catalytic activity of the enzyme. 2, record 70, English, - noncompetitive%20inhibition
Record 70, French
Record 70, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 70, Main entry term, French
- inhibition non compétitive
1, record 70, French, inhibition%20non%20comp%C3%A9titive
correct, feminine noun
Record 70, Abbreviations, French
Record 70, Synonyms, French
- inhibition par association non exclusive 2, record 70, French, inhibition%20par%20association%20non%20exclusive
correct, feminine noun
- inhibition non concurrentielle 2, record 70, French, inhibition%20non%20concurrentielle
correct, feminine noun
Record 70, Textual support, French
Record number: 70, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Inhibition enzymatique où l'inhibiteur et le substrat n’ ont pas de structures apparentées et l'inhibiteur se lie à un site différent de celui du substrat. Elle ne peut être renversée par des concentrations élevées du substrat. 2, record 70, French, - inhibition%20non%20comp%C3%A9titive
Record number: 70, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le type le plus courant d’inhibition non compétitive est produit par les réactifs qui peuvent se fixer réversiblement, hors du site actif, sur un groupement fonctionnel de l'enzyme indispensable au maintien de la conformation tridimensionnelle active de la molécule enzymatique. Certains enzymes possédant un groupement-SH essentiel sont inhibés de façon non compétitive par les métaux lourds. Ces groupements-SH doivent donc être intacts pour que l'enzyme conserve sa conformation active normale. 3, record 70, French, - inhibition%20non%20comp%C3%A9titive
Record number: 70, Textual support number: 1 OBS
L’acétazolamide, diurétique fort utilisé, agit en inhibant de façon non compétitive l’anhydrase carbonique au niveau du rein. 4, record 70, French, - inhibition%20non%20comp%C3%A9titive
Record 70, Spanish
Record 70, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 70, Main entry term, Spanish
- inhibición no antagónica
1, record 70, Spanish, inhibici%C3%B3n%20no%20antag%C3%B3nica
feminine noun
Record 70, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 70, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 70, Textual support, Spanish
Record 71 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 71, English
Record 71, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 71, Main entry term, English
- liquid-surfactant membrane method
1, record 71, English, liquid%2Dsurfactant%20membrane%20method
correct
Record 71, Abbreviations, English
Record 71, Synonyms, English
- liquid membrane method 2, record 71, English, liquid%20membrane%20method
correct
Record 71, Textual support, English
Record number: 71, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Procedure, based on the liquid surfactant membrane concept, for providing immobilized enzymes within a nonpermanent microcapsule. Enzyme immobilization is brought about by emulsifying an aqueous enzyme solution with a surfactant to form the liquid membrane encapsulated enzymes. 2, record 71, English, - liquid%2Dsurfactant%20membrane%20method
Record number: 71, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The major advantages of this procedure are the nonchemical nature of the method and its reversibility of immobilization. However, the possibility of loss of enzyme by diffusion, and the same diffusion phenomenon controlling passage of substrates and products through the liquid membrane via a solubility mechanism rather than size exclusion mechanism, can be a disadvantage. 1, record 71, English, - liquid%2Dsurfactant%20membrane%20method
Record 71, French
Record 71, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 71, Main entry term, French
- méthode des liposomes
1, record 71, French, m%C3%A9thode%20des%20liposomes
correct, feminine noun
Record 71, Abbreviations, French
Record 71, Synonyms, French
- méthode des membranes liquides 2, record 71, French, m%C3%A9thode%20des%20membranes%20liquides
correct, feminine noun
Record 71, Textual support, French
Record number: 71, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Méthode d’immobilisation d’enzymes par micro-encapsulation qui consiste à soumettre des agrégats de phospholipides dispersés dans la solution enzymatique à la sonication : on obtient des sphérules constituées d’une double couche lipidique emprisonnant des gouttelettes d’enzyme en solution aqueuse. A l'inverse des autres techniques, la pénétration du substrat ne dépend pas alors de la taille des pores de la membrane mais de sa solubilité dans les constituants lipidiques. 2, record 71, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20des%20liposomes
Record 71, Spanish
Record 71, Textual support, Spanish
Record 72 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 72, English
Record 72, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 72, Main entry term, English
- katal
1, record 72, English, katal
correct
Record 72, Abbreviations, English
- kat 2, record 72, English, kat
correct
Record 72, Synonyms, English
Record 72, Textual support, English
Record number: 72, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Amount of enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of 1 mol of substrate or coenzyme per second under specified conditions (temperature, pH, and substrate concentration) of an assay method. 1, record 72, English, - katal
Record number: 72, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The katal ... is in accord with the dimensions of rate constants in chemical kinetics, which are based on the second rather than the minute. Activities can also be given in microkatals [(mu]kat), nanokatals (nkat), or picokatals (pkat). One old enzyme unit is thus equal to 1/60 [mu]kat or 16.67 nkat. In the new convention specific activity is given as katals per kilogram of protein, equivalent to microkatals per milligram of protein, and the molar activity as katals per mole of enzyme. 3, record 72, English, - katal
Record number: 72, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Abbreviation: Kat. 2, record 72, English, - katal
Record 72, French
Record 72, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 72, Main entry term, French
- katal
1, record 72, French, katal
correct, masculine noun
Record 72, Abbreviations, French
- kat 2, record 72, French, kat
correct
Record 72, Synonyms, French
Record 72, Textual support, French
Record number: 72, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Quantité d’enzyme qui catalyse la transformation d’une mole de substrat par seconde sous des conditions expérimentales standards. 2, record 72, French, - katal
Record number: 72, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'unité de temps officielle étant la seconde et celle de la concentration la molécule gramme par litre(ou M), la Commission des Enzymes a proposé une nouvelle unité d’activité enzymatique, le katal qui remplacera l'unité internationale U. I. 2, record 72, French, - katal
Record number: 72, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Kat est une abréviation de katal. 2, record 72, French, - katal
Record 72, Spanish
Record 72, Textual support, Spanish
Record 73 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 73, English
Record 73, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 73, Main entry term, English
- lattice entrapment
1, record 73, English, lattice%20entrapment
correct
Record 73, Abbreviations, English
Record 73, Synonyms, English
Record 73, Textual support, English
Record number: 73, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Enzyme immobilization method which involves the formation of a highly crosslinked network of a polymer in the presence of an enzyme. Enzyme molecules are physically entrapped within the polymer lattice and cannot permeate out of the gel matrix, but appropriately sized substrate and product molecules can transfer across and within this network to insure a continuous transformation. 2, record 73, English, - lattice%20entrapment
Record number: 73, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Advantages of the lattice entrapment method for immobilizing an enzyme include its overall experimental simplicity, the need for only small amounts of an enzyme in order to produce a water-insoluble enzyme conjugate and the fact that it is a physical method.... Disadvantages of the method also exist.... The exact physical nature of the crosslinked polymers is often quite important for obtaining high activity.... A considerable disadvantage of this method is leakage of an enzyme from within the crosslinked polymeric network. 1, record 73, English, - lattice%20entrapment
Record 73, French
Record 73, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 73, Main entry term, French
- inclusion dans une matrice
1, record 73, French, inclusion%20dans%20une%20matrice
correct, feminine noun
Record 73, Abbreviations, French
Record 73, Synonyms, French
- inclusion dans les mailles d'un gel 2, record 73, French, inclusion%20dans%20les%20mailles%20d%27un%20gel
correct, feminine noun
Record 73, Textual support, French
Record number: 73, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Une des techniques d’immobilisation par inclusion dans laquelle l’enzyme est solubilisée ou dispersée dans une solution d’un monomère qui est ensuite polymérisé en présence d’un agent de réticulation et d’un colloïde protecteur, albumine, agarose ou dextrane. 2, record 73, French, - inclusion%20dans%20une%20matrice
Record number: 73, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Grâce à leur spécificité et leur rapidité d’action dans des conditions douces, les enzymes peuvent constituer des réactifs très précieux offrant d’énormes possibilités. Cependant, leur emploi en solution reste limité en raison de leur fragilité(dénaturation) et de la difficulté de récupération de l'enzyme pour une utilisation répétée. Ces inconvénients ont été considérablement réduits par l'immobilisation des enzymes, qui a pu être réalisée par des procédés très divers : réticulation de la protéine enzymatique, conduisant à des agrégats insolubles, inclusion dans les mailles d’un gel(entrappement) ou en microcapsules poreuses, ou fixation sur un support solide insoluble(matrice) par adsorption, ou mieux par liaison covalente. 3, record 73, French, - inclusion%20dans%20une%20matrice
Record number: 73, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le terme "entrappement" est quelquefois utilisé dans les ouvrages français. Emploi à déconseiller. 2, record 73, French, - inclusion%20dans%20une%20matrice
Record 73, Spanish
Record 73, Textual support, Spanish
Record 74 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 74, English
Record 74, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 74, Main entry term, English
- kinetic method
1, record 74, English, kinetic%20method
correct
Record 74, Abbreviations, English
Record 74, Synonyms, English
Record 74, Textual support, English
Record number: 74, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Clinical analysis method where the data are obtained when the concentration is time-dependent. In this case, the data are generally collected from the early linear part of the progress curve which is called the initial velocity (rate). 2, record 74, English, - kinetic%20method
Record number: 74, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In a kinetic method the reaction velocity is measured rapidly; but as a direct consequence of this, the change in the parameter measured, usually absorbance, is very small. 1, record 74, English, - kinetic%20method
Record 74, French
Record 74, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 74, Main entry term, French
- méthode cinétique
1, record 74, French, m%C3%A9thode%20cin%C3%A9tique
correct, feminine noun
Record 74, Abbreviations, French
Record 74, Synonyms, French
Record 74, Textual support, French
Record number: 74, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Méthode servant à la détermination de l’activité d’une enzyme ou du dosage d’un substrat ou d’un produit de la réaction. Cette méthode consiste à suivre l’évolution de la réaction en fonction du temps. La mesure se fait en enregistrant la DO en continu, sitôt la réaction déclenchée. 2, record 74, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20cin%C3%A9tique
Record number: 74, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Une réaction enzymatique n’ est pas un processus se déroulant d’un coup. Trois phases au minimum doivent être considérées :-la rencontre entre substrat et protéine. [...] La deuxième étape, c'est-à-dire la catalyse au sens chimique du terme, est souvent elle-même fragmentée. [...] Les méthodes cinétiques actuelles mettent couramment en évidence deux, trois, voire quatre étapes discrètes successives au-delà de la formation du complexe initial. La dernière étape sera le relargage du ou des produits de la réaction. 3, record 74, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20cin%C3%A9tique
Record 74, Spanish
Record 74, Textual support, Spanish
Record 75 - internal organization data 2011-07-22
Record 75, English
Record 75, Subject field(s)
- Chemical Elements and Compounds
- Soil Improvement and Fertilizer Management
- Food Industries
Universal entry(ies) Record 75
Record 75, Main entry term, English
- nitrate
1, record 75, English, nitrate
correct, see observation
Record 75, Abbreviations, English
Record 75, Synonyms, English
- azotate 2, record 75, English, azotate
correct, obsolete
- nitrate ion 3, record 75, English, nitrate%20ion
correct
- nitric acid ion(1-) 4, record 75, English, nitric%20acid%20ion%281%2D%29
correct
- NO3- anion 5, record 75, English, NO3%2D%20anion
correct, see observation
Record 75, Textual support, English
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A salt or ester of nitric acid, most of the salts being soluble in water and some of them (as the sodium, potassium, and calcium salts) constituting the principal source of nitrogen for higher plants. 6, record 75, English, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[A] nitrate [is the] negative ion, NO3-, derived from nitric acid .... Because almost all metallic nitrates are water-soluble, they are not found in nature but are produced from nitric acid. One notable exception to this is the impure sodium nitrate, called Chile saltpeter .... Nitrates are an important source of nitrogen in fertilizers. 7, record 75, English, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 2 CONT
The four ions of most importance to rainfall acidity are: hydrogen (H+), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) and sulphate (SO42-). 8, record 75, English, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 1 OBS
... nitrates are ... employed in long-curing processes, such as country hams, as well as dried, cured, and fermented sausages. 9, record 75, English, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 2 OBS
nitrate: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record; term adopted by Environment Canada, used in the list of pollutants measured in the National Air Pollution Surveillance Network (NAPS). 10, record 75, English, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 3 OBS
Chemical formula: NO3- 10, record 75, English, - nitrate
Record 75, French
Record 75, Domaine(s)
- Éléments et composés chimiques
- Fumure et amélioration du sol
- Industrie de l'alimentation
Entrée(s) universelle(s) Record 75
Record 75, Main entry term, French
- nitrate
1, record 75, French, nitrate
correct, see observation, masculine noun
Record 75, Abbreviations, French
Record 75, Synonyms, French
- azotate 2, record 75, French, azotate
correct, masculine noun, obsolete
- ion nitrate 3, record 75, French, ion%20nitrate
correct, masculine noun
- ion(1-) de l'acide nitrique 4, record 75, French, ion%281%2D%29%20de%20l%27acide%20nitrique
correct, masculine noun
- anion NO3- 4, record 75, French, anion%20NO3%2D
correct, see observation, masculine noun
Record 75, Textual support, French
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Composé minéral formant un sel ou un ester de l’acide nitrique. 5, record 75, French, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les nitrates sont toxiques pour l'organisme humain qui les réduit en ions nitrite par une réaction enzymatique. [...] Équilibrer l'équation de la demi-réaction de réduction des ions nitrate [NO3- en ions nitrite [NO2- :[...] 6, record 75, French, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Certains nitrates, comme le sel de potassium (salpêtre) et surtout le sel de sodium (nitrate du Chili), existent dans la nature. Les autres sont préparés artificiellement à partir de l’acide nitrique, ou, en même temps que les nitrites, par action du dioxyde d’azote synthétique sur un alcali ou un carbonate [...]. C’est essentiellement sous forme d’ion nitrate que l’azote est absorbé par les plantes. Comme l’azote influence très fortement la croissance des végétaux, les nitrates jouent comme engrais un rôle très important [...] 7, record 75, French, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 2 OBS
[...] les nitrates de potassium et de sodium sont [...] utilisés comme agents conservateurs [des denrées alimentaires]. 8, record 75, French, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 3 OBS
nitrate : forme recommandée par l’UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche; terme retenu par Environnement Canada, utilisé dans la liste des polluants mesurés par le Réseau national de surveillance de la pollution atmosphérique (RNSPA). 5, record 75, French, - nitrate
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 4 OBS
Formule chimique : NO3- 5, record 75, French, - nitrate
Record 75, Spanish
Record 75, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Elementos y compuestos químicos
- Abono y mejoramiento del suelo
- Industria alimentaria
Entrada(s) universal(es) Record 75
Record 75, Main entry term, Spanish
- nitrato
1, record 75, Spanish, nitrato
correct, masculine noun
Record 75, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 75, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 75, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Cada una de las sales o esteres del ácido nítrico. 2, record 75, Spanish, - nitrato
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Las sales alcalinas se emplean como fertilizantes. El triester de la glicerina (nitroglicerina) y, en general, los esteres de compuestos polihidroxilados se usan como explosivos. 2, record 75, Spanish, - nitrato
Record number: 75, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Fórmula química : NO3- 3, record 75, Spanish, - nitrato
Record 76 - internal organization data 2011-07-22
Record 76, English
Record 76, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 76, Main entry term, English
- induced-fit theory
1, record 76, English, induced%2Dfit%20theory
correct
Record 76, Abbreviations, English
Record 76, Synonyms, English
- induced-fit hypothesis 2, record 76, English, induced%2Dfit%20hypothesis
correct
- cooperativity model 3, record 76, English, cooperativity%20model
correct
Record 76, Textual support, English
Record number: 76, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Theory according to which the binding of a substrate to an enzyme may cause conformational changes that align the catalytic groups in their correct orientations. 2, record 76, English, - induced%2Dfit%20theory
Record number: 76, Textual support number: 1 CONT
There is good evidence that yeast hexokinase, which phosphorylates glucose with the terminal phosphate of ATP, involves the induced fit theory. X-ray diffraction studies show that the binding of both the sugar and the nucleotide causes extensive changes in tertiary structure. Also, the binding of the nucleotide to one form of the enzyme is promoted by sugar binding. These results are in accord with earlier solution studies on the ATPase activity of the enzyme in the absence of glucose. 2, record 76, English, - induced%2Dfit%20theory
Record 76, French
Record 76, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 76, Main entry term, French
- théorie de l'ajustement induit
1, record 76, French, th%C3%A9orie%20de%20l%27ajustement%20induit
correct, feminine noun
Record 76, Abbreviations, French
Record 76, Synonyms, French
Record 76, Textual support, French
Record number: 76, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Théorie selon laquelle l'interaction enzyme-substrat peut causer un changement conformationnel dans la protéine enzymatique. 2, record 76, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20l%27ajustement%20induit
Record number: 76, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La proposition faite par Koshland dès 1958 considère que le site actif, du fait d’un large déploiement d’amino-acides dans son environnement, possède une certaine flexibilité. De ce fait, au moment de l’entrée du substrat, le site actif réagit en s’adaptant minutieusement à la conformation du substrat et entreprend alors le processus de catalyse. Cette théorie de l’ajustement induit [...] a reçu des supports expérimentaux. Elle permet en outre de comprendre aisément la pénétration du substrat et le départ des produits en fin de réaction. 3, record 76, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20l%27ajustement%20induit
Record 76, Spanish
Record 76, Textual support, Spanish
Record 77 - internal organization data 2011-07-05
Record 77, English
Record 77, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Biological Sciences
Record 77, Main entry term, English
- half the maximal velocity
1, record 77, English, half%20the%20maximal%20velocity
correct
Record 77, Abbreviations, English
- V/2 2, record 77, English, V%2F2
correct
- 1/2Vmax 2, record 77, English, 1%2F2Vmax
correct
Record 77, Synonyms, English
- half-maximal velocity 3, record 77, English, half%2Dmaximal%20velocity
correct
Record 77, Textual support, English
Record number: 77, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Velocity of an enzyme reaction when the substrate concentration reaches a concentration equal to the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km). 2, record 77, English, - half%20the%20maximal%20velocity
Record number: 77, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The substrate concentration yielding half-maximal velocity provides a useful index for the analysis of some enzyme regulatory mechanisms... Some allosteric enzymes respond to the binding of a modulator with a change in the apparent Km for the substrate, without change in Vmax. A negative modulator will then produce an increase in the apparent Km and a positive modulator a decrease in the apparent Km. Here the term "apparent Km" refers to the substrate concentration giving half-maximal velocity; it cannot be used to calculate enzyme since the vo-vs.-(s) relationship is not a rectangular hyperbola, as required by the Michaelis-Menten assumptions and equations. 4, record 77, English, - half%20the%20maximal%20velocity
Record number: 77, Textual support number: 1 OBS
V/2 and 1/2Vmax are abbreviations of half the maximal velocity. 2, record 77, English, - half%20the%20maximal%20velocity
Record 77, French
Record 77, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Sciences biologiques
Record 77, Main entry term, French
- moitié de la vitesse maximale
1, record 77, French, moiti%C3%A9%20de%20la%20vitesse%20maximale
correct, feminine noun
Record 77, Abbreviations, French
Record 77, Synonyms, French
- Vmax/2 2, record 77, French, Vmax%2F2
correct, feminine noun
- 1/2 Vm 3, record 77, French, 1%2F2%20Vm
correct, feminine noun
- VM/2 3, record 77, French, VM%2F2
correct, feminine noun
Record 77, Textual support, French
Record number: 77, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Vitesse d’une réaction enzymatique lorsque la concentration en substrat est égale à la constante de Michaelis(Km). 2, record 77, French, - moiti%C3%A9%20de%20la%20vitesse%20maximale
Record number: 77, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L’inhibition compétitive étant réversible, la vitesse maximale correspondant à une quantité élevée de substrat est la même qu’en l’absence d’inhibiteur. Par ailleurs, l’enzyme étant partiellement combinée à l’inhibiteur, la quantité de substrat nécessaire pour obtenir la moitié de la vitesse maximale augmente, donc la Km est plus élevée. 4, record 77, French, - moiti%C3%A9%20de%20la%20vitesse%20maximale
Record 77, Spanish
Record 77, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 77, Main entry term, Spanish
- mitad de la velocidad maxima
1, record 77, Spanish, mitad%20de%20la%20velocidad%20maxima
correct, feminine noun
Record 77, Abbreviations, Spanish
- Vmax/2 1, record 77, Spanish, Vmax%2F2
correct, feminine noun
Record 77, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 77, Textual support, Spanish
Record 78 - internal organization data 2011-06-23
Record 78, English
Record 78, Subject field(s)
- Chemical Elements and Compounds
- Crop Protection
Universal entry(ies) Record 78
Record 78, Main entry term, English
- 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene
1, record 78, English, 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchlorophenyl%29ethene
correct, see observation
Record 78, Abbreviations, English
Record 78, Synonyms, English
- 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene 2, record 78, English, 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%28p%2Dchlorophenyl%29ethylene
former designation, avoid
- DDE 3, record 78, English, DDE
correct
- DDE 3, record 78, English, DDE
- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene 3, record 78, English, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
avoid, see observation
- 1,1-dichloro 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene 1, record 78, English, 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%202%2C2%2Dbis%28p%2Dchlorophenyl%29%20ethylene
avoid
- 72-55-9 2, record 78, English, 72%2D55%2D9
CAS number
Record 78, Textual support, English
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 1 DEF
... degradation product of DDT, found as an impurity in DDT residues. 4, record 78, English, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchlorophenyl%29ethene
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 1 OBS
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name. 1, record 78, English, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchlorophenyl%29ethene
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 2 OBS
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene: incomplete form. 1, record 78, English, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchlorophenyl%29ethene
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 3 OBS
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene: obsolete form; part of the Ingredient Disclosure List of the Hazardous Products Act (Registration SOR/88-64, 31 December, 1987). 5, record 78, English, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchlorophenyl%29ethene
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 4 OBS
The abbreviation "p" preceding "chlorophenyl" must be italicized. 5, record 78, English, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchlorophenyl%29ethene
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 5 OBS
Chemical formula: (ClC6H4)2C:CCl2 5, record 78, English, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchlorophenyl%29ethene
Record 78, French
Record 78, Domaine(s)
- Éléments et composés chimiques
- Protection des végétaux
Entrée(s) universelle(s) Record 78
Record 78, Main entry term, French
- 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophényl)éthène
1, record 78, French, 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchloroph%C3%A9nyl%29%C3%A9th%C3%A8ne
correct, see observation, masculine noun
Record 78, Abbreviations, French
Record 78, Synonyms, French
- 1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis(p-chlorophényl)éthylène 2, record 78, French, 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2D%20bis%28p%2Dchloroph%C3%A9nyl%29%C3%A9thyl%C3%A8ne
former designation, avoid, masculine noun
- DDE 1, record 78, French, DDE
correct, masculine noun
- DDE 1, record 78, French, DDE
- dichloro-1,1 di p-chlorophényl-2,2-éthylène 3, record 78, French, dichloro%2D1%2C1%20di%20p%2Dchloroph%C3%A9nyl%2D2%2C2%2D%C3%A9thyl%C3%A8ne
former designation, avoid, masculine noun
- dichloro-1,1 bis (p-chlorophényl)-2,2-éthylène 1, record 78, French, dichloro%2D1%2C1%20bis%20%28p%2Dchloroph%C3%A9nyl%29%2D2%2C2%2D%C3%A9thyl%C3%A8ne
former designation, avoid, masculine noun
- 72-55-9 2, record 78, French, 72%2D55%2D9
CAS number
Record 78, Textual support, French
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Produit non toxique obtenu par transformation enzymatique du D. D. T. 4, record 78, French, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchloroph%C3%A9nyl%29%C3%A9th%C3%A8ne
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 1 OBS
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophényl)éthène : forme recommandée par l’UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée). 1, record 78, French, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchloroph%C3%A9nyl%29%C3%A9th%C3%A8ne
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 2 OBS
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophényl)éthylène : forme vieillie; fait partie de la Liste de divulgation des ingrédients de la Loi sur les produits dangereux (du Canada; enreg. DORS s/88-64, 1987- 12-31). 5, record 78, French, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchloroph%C3%A9nyl%29%C3%A9th%C3%A8ne
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 3 OBS
L’abréviation «p», qui précède «chlorophényl», apparaît normalement en italique (ou, à défaut des caractères italiques, soulignée). 5, record 78, French, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchloroph%C3%A9nyl%29%C3%A9th%C3%A8ne
Record number: 78, Textual support number: 4 OBS
Formule chimique : (ClC6H4)2C:CCl2 5, record 78, French, - 1%2C1%2Ddichloro%2D2%2C2%2Dbis%284%2Dchloroph%C3%A9nyl%29%C3%A9th%C3%A8ne
Record 78, Spanish
Record 78, Textual support, Spanish
Record 79 - internal organization data 2011-06-07
Record 79, English
Record 79, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 79, Main entry term, English
- international unit
1, record 79, English, international%20unit
correct
Record 79, Abbreviations, English
Record 79, Synonyms, English
- enzyme unit 2, record 79, English, enzyme%20unit
correct
- international enzyme unit 3, record 79, English, international%20enzyme%20unit
correct
Record 79, Textual support, English
Record number: 79, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The unit of enzyme activity proposed by the International Union of Biochemistry in 1964 which represents the amount of an enzyme that will catalyze the transformation of one micromole of substrate in a given time (e.g., one minute) under defined conditions of temperature, pH and substrate concentration. 3, record 79, English, - international%20unit
Record number: 79, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A new international unit for enzyme activity recommended by the Enzyme Commission is the katal (abbreviated kat), defined as the amount of enzyme activity that transforms 1 mol s-1 of substrate. The new unit is in accord with the dimensions of rate constants in chemical kinetics, which are based on the second rather than the minute. 4, record 79, English, - international%20unit
Record number: 79, Textual support number: 1 OBS
U is an abbreviation for international unit. 3, record 79, English, - international%20unit
Record 79, French
Record 79, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 79, Main entry term, French
- unité enzymatique internationale
1, record 79, French, unit%C3%A9%20enzymatique%20internationale
correct, feminine noun
Record 79, Abbreviations, French
Record 79, Synonyms, French
- unité enzymatique 2, record 79, French, unit%C3%A9%20enzymatique
correct, feminine noun
- unité internationale 2, record 79, French, unit%C3%A9%20internationale
correct, feminine noun
Record 79, Textual support, French
Record number: 79, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Unité d’activité enzymatique correspondant à la quantité d’enzyme qui catalyse la transformation d’une micromole de substrat par minute à 30 degrés et au pH optimal d’activité. Le système international d’unités implique l'utilisation de la mole transformée par seconde comme nouvelle unité, appelée katal. 1, record 79, French, - unit%C3%A9%20enzymatique%20internationale
Record number: 79, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Si l’on rapporte le nombre d’unités enzymatiques au poids (en général au mg) de protéine, on a l’activité spécifique (qui évidemment augmente au fur et à mesure de la purification d’un enzyme). L’activité molaire est le nombre de moles de substrat transformé (ou de produit formé) par mole d’enzyme par minute; il faut avoir un enzyme très purifié et de masse moléculaire connue pour pouvoir utiliser ce mode d’expression. 3, record 79, French, - unit%C3%A9%20enzymatique%20internationale
Record number: 79, Textual support number: 1 OBS
U.I. est une abréviation d’unité internationale. 4, record 79, French, - unit%C3%A9%20enzymatique%20internationale
Record 79, Spanish
Record 79, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 79, Main entry term, Spanish
- unidad enzimática
1, record 79, Spanish, unidad%20enzim%C3%A1tica
correct, feminine noun
Record 79, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 79, Synonyms, Spanish
- unidad internacional 1, record 79, Spanish, unidad%20internacional
correct, feminine noun
Record 79, Textual support, Spanish
Record 80 - internal organization data 2011-05-24
Record 80, English
Record 80, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 80, Main entry term, English
- feed
1, record 80, English, feed
correct
Record 80, Abbreviations, English
Record 80, Synonyms, English
Record 80, Textual support, English
Record number: 80, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Material supplied to a processing unit for treatment. 2, record 80, English, - feed
Record number: 80, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Inorganic materials ... can be doped with activator ions which can then be eliminated from the feed. 3, record 80, English, - feed
Record 80, French
Record 80, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 80, Main entry term, French
- apport
1, record 80, French, apport
correct, masculine noun
Record 80, Abbreviations, French
Record 80, Synonyms, French
Record 80, Textual support, French
Record number: 80, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Matière introduite dans un réacteur pour y être traitée. 2, record 80, French, - apport
Record number: 80, Textual support number: 1 CONT
En régime discontinu, on doit procéder entre chaque cycle à la récupération de l'enzyme, par filtration, centrifugation ou sédimentation. Au cours des cycles successifs, on constate une perte graduelle d’activité enzymatique qui nécessite :-soit une augmentation progressive des temps de séjour dans le réacteur,-soit, ce qui est plus facile à réaliser, un apport à chaque cycle d’une petite quantité d’enzyme nouvelle. 3, record 80, French, - apport
Record 80, Spanish
Record 80, Textual support, Spanish
Record 81 - internal organization data 2011-05-20
Record 81, English
Record 81, Subject field(s)
- Environmental Studies and Analyses
- Microbiology and Parasitology
Record 81, Main entry term, English
- putrescibility
1, record 81, English, putrescibility
correct
Record 81, Abbreviations, English
Record 81, Synonyms, English
Record 81, Textual support, English
Record number: 81, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The quality of, or susceptibility to being decomposed by microorganisms with the production of an offensive odour. 2, record 81, English, - putrescibility
Record number: 81, Textual support number: 1 OBS
This susceptibility is shown by organic bodies or substances (proteins) and it can apply to wastewaters, effluents and sludges. 2, record 81, English, - putrescibility
Record 81, French
Record 81, Domaine(s)
- Études et analyses environnementales
- Microbiologie et parasitologie
Record 81, Main entry term, French
- putrescibilité
1, record 81, French, putrescibilit%C3%A9
correct, feminine noun
Record 81, Abbreviations, French
Record 81, Synonyms, French
Record 81, Textual support, French
Record number: 81, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Caractère de ce qui est susceptible de se décomposer sous l'action enzymatique de microorganismes en produisant des déchets de décomposition, des substances toxiques ou des gaz fétides. 1, record 81, French, - putrescibilit%C3%A9
Record number: 81, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La putrescibilité indique le degré de putréfaction qu’un déchet organique peut subir sous l’action des bactéries. La putrescibilité des effluents liquides se mesure assez souvent par le temps de décoloration du bleu de méthylène indiquant le passage en milieu réducteur. 1, record 81, French, - putrescibilit%C3%A9
Record 81, Spanish
Record 81, Textual support, Spanish
Record 82 - internal organization data 2011-05-17
Record 82, English
Record 82, Subject field(s)
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Biotechnology
Record 82, Main entry term, English
- affinity chromatography
1, record 82, English, affinity%20chromatography
correct
Record 82, Abbreviations, English
- AC 2, record 82, English, AC
correct
Record 82, Synonyms, English
Record 82, Textual support, English
Record number: 82, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A procedure which uses a gel matrix combined with an enzyme or nucleic acid to obtain purification of biomolecules. 3, record 82, English, - affinity%20chromatography
Record number: 82, Textual support number: 2 DEF
A technique of molecular separation in which molecules are attached to an insoluble (e.g., sepharose) matrix. Only those molecules which show affinity to the bound molecule (e.g., an antibody for its antigen) are retained. These trapped molecules can be subsequently eluted. 4, record 82, English, - affinity%20chromatography
Record 82, Key term(s)
- affinity purification
Record 82, French
Record 82, Domaine(s)
- Chimie analytique
- Biochimie
- Biotechnologie
Record 82, Main entry term, French
- chromatographie d'affinité
1, record 82, French, chromatographie%20d%27affinit%C3%A9
correct, feminine noun
Record 82, Abbreviations, French
Record 82, Synonyms, French
- chromatographie par affinité 2, record 82, French, chromatographie%20par%20affinit%C3%A9
feminine noun
Record 82, Textual support, French
Record number: 82, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Technique permettant la séparation de substances, [...] qui utilise la fixation spécifique d’une protéine sur un ligand lui-même fixé par liaison covalente à un support microscopique. 3, record 82, French, - chromatographie%20d%27affinit%C3%A9
Record number: 82, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[...] la chromatographie d’affinité permet de purifier une protéine enzymatique par exemple. La méthode consiste à attacher de façon covalente sur un support solide un analogue stérique du substrat de l'enzyme(inhibiteur compétitif ou substrat modifié) en vue de former avec l'enzyme un complexe du type enzyme-substrat [...]. L'enzyme sera donc retardé lors du passage sur la colonne par rapport aux autres protéines qui, ne reconnaissant pas l'analogue, sortiront de la colonne plus rapidement que l'enzyme. 4, record 82, French, - chromatographie%20d%27affinit%C3%A9
Record 82, Spanish
Record 82, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Química analítica
- Bioquímica
- Biotecnología
Record 82, Main entry term, Spanish
- cromatografía por afinidad
1, record 82, Spanish, cromatograf%C3%ADa%20por%20afinidad
correct, feminine noun
Record 82, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 82, Synonyms, Spanish
- cromatografía de afinidad 2, record 82, Spanish, cromatograf%C3%ADa%20de%20afinidad
feminine noun
Record 82, Textual support, Spanish
Record 83 - internal organization data 2011-05-16
Record 83, English
Record 83, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 83, Main entry term, English
- cellulosic
1, record 83, English, cellulosic
correct
Record 83, Abbreviations, English
Record 83, Synonyms, English
Record 83, Textual support, English
Record number: 83, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Descriptive of a substance that is formed of or relating to cellulose. 1, record 83, English, - cellulosic
Record number: 83, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The shortage of food and fuel has become more and more serious in many developing countries owing to the congestion of population. From this viewpoint, the enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic materials, mainly renewable agricultural residues, is a countermeasure against this problem. One positive feature along this line is the extremely large quantity of cellulosic resources being produced each year in subtropical and tropical developing countries. 2, record 83, English, - cellulosic
Record 83, French
Record 83, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 83, Main entry term, French
- cellulosique
1, record 83, French, cellulosique
correct
Record 83, Abbreviations, French
Record 83, Synonyms, French
Record 83, Textual support, French
Record number: 83, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Se dit d’un dérivé de la cellulose et notamment de ses esters. 1, record 83, French, - cellulosique
Record number: 83, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Un nouveau procédé de bioconversion en continu de cellulose en éthanol [...] a été mis au point. [...] Il nécessite l'utilisation d’une bactérie recombinante [...] qui sécrète un taux élevé de cellulase, ainsi qu'une méthode de screening enzymatique. [...] Les déchets cellulosiques sont dégradés en sucres fermentescibles. Ceux-ci sont transformés par des levures immobilisées. 2, record 83, French, - cellulosique
Record 83, Spanish
Record 83, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 83, Main entry term, Spanish
- celulósico
1, record 83, Spanish, celul%C3%B3sico
adjective
Record 83, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 83, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 83, Textual support, Spanish
Record 84 - internal organization data 2011-05-09
Record 84, English
Record 84, Subject field(s)
- Food Industries
Record 84, Main entry term, English
- starch hydrolysis
1, record 84, English, starch%20hydrolysis
correct
Record 84, Abbreviations, English
Record 84, Synonyms, English
Record 84, Textual support, English
Record number: 84, Textual support number: 1 OBS
To split a complex compound into its constituent parts by the action of water, either enzymically or catalysed by the addition of acid or alkali. 2, record 84, English, - starch%20hydrolysis
Record 84, Key term(s)
- starch hydrolyse
Record 84, French
Record 84, Domaine(s)
- Industrie de l'alimentation
Record 84, Main entry term, French
- hydrolyse de l'amidon
1, record 84, French, hydrolyse%20de%20l%27amidon
correct, feminine noun
Record 84, Abbreviations, French
Record 84, Synonyms, French
Record 84, Textual support, French
Record number: 84, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Opération effectuée par voie chimique ou par voie enzymatique, consistant à libérer une ou plusieurs molécules d’une substance complexe. 2, record 84, French, - hydrolyse%20de%20l%27amidon
Record 84, Spanish
Record 84, Textual support, Spanish
Record 85 - internal organization data 2011-03-21
Record 85, English
Record 85, Subject field(s)
- Chemistry
- Biochemistry
- Biomass Energy
Record 85, Main entry term, English
- endoglucanase
1, record 85, English, endoglucanase
correct
Record 85, Abbreviations, English
Record 85, Synonyms, English
- endo-G 1, record 85, English, endo%2DG
correct
Record 85, Textual support, English
Record number: 85, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The cellulose enzyme systems from various organisms are complex and an understanding of the entire set of reaction mechanisms that are required to completely degrade cellulose is far from complete. A schematic representation of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, without specifically denoting the status of the substrate, is shown in Fig. 1. The most thoroughly studied pathway for the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose includes endoglucanase (endo-G) which breaks down cellulose chains to oligopolysaccharides, cellobiohydrolase (CBH) which attacks the nonreducing ends of the nicked cellulose chains with the release of cellobiose and cellobiase (β-glucosidase, β-G) which cleaves cellobiose to glucose. An exoglucanase (exo-G) which is distinct from cellobiohydrolase is found in some systems. 1, record 85, English, - endoglucanase
Record 85, French
Record 85, Domaine(s)
- Chimie
- Biochimie
- Énergie de la biomasse
Record 85, Main entry term, French
- endoglucanase
1, record 85, French, endoglucanase
correct, feminine noun
Record 85, Abbreviations, French
Record 85, Synonyms, French
Record 85, Textual support, French
Record number: 85, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'hydrolyse enzymatique. [...] Deux systèmes enzymatiques principaux sont présents [...]c' est donc le système enzymatique cellulolytique que nous décrivons [...] Ce système est composé essentiellement de trois grandes classes d’enzymes :-les exoglucanases(1, 4-β-D-glucaneglucano hydrolases) attaquent la molécule de cellulose en bout de chaîne, du côté non réducteur en libérant des résidus cellobioses,-les endoglucanases(1, 4-β-D-glucanecellobio-hydrolases) opèrent de façon aléatoire, des coupures à l'intérieur des chaînes de cellulose et créent donc des sites d’attaque supplémentaires pour les exoglucanases,-les cellobiases(β-glucosidases) hydrolysent le cellobiose, mais également le cellotriose et le cellotétraose, en glucose. 1, record 85, French, - endoglucanase
Record 85, Spanish
Record 85, Textual support, Spanish
Record 86 - internal organization data 2011-03-21
Record 86, English
Record 86, Subject field(s)
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biochemistry
Record 86, Main entry term, English
- exoglucanase
1, record 86, English, exoglucanase
correct
Record 86, Abbreviations, English
Record 86, Synonyms, English
- exo-G 1, record 86, English, exo%2DG
correct
Record 86, Textual support, English
Record number: 86, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The cellulose enzyme systems from various organisms are complex and an understanding of the entire set of reaction mechanisms that are required to completely degrade cellulose is far from complete. A schematic representation of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, without specifically denoting the status of the substrate, is shown in Fig. 1. The most thoroughly studied pathway for the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose includes endoglucanase (endo-G) which breaks down cellulose chains to oligopolysaccharides, cellobiohydrolase (CBH) which attacks the nonreducing ends of the nicked cellulose chains with the release of cellobiose and cellobiase (β-glucosidase, β-G) which cleaves cellobiose to glucose. An exoglucanase (exo-G) which is distinct from cellobiohydrolase is found in some systems. 1, record 86, English, - exoglucanase
Record 86, French
Record 86, Domaine(s)
- Chimie analytique
- Biochimie
Record 86, Main entry term, French
- exoglucanase
1, record 86, French, exoglucanase
correct, feminine noun
Record 86, Abbreviations, French
Record 86, Synonyms, French
Record 86, Textual support, French
Record number: 86, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'hydrolyse enzymatique. Le système enzymatique cellulolytique [...] est composé essentiellement de trois grandes classes d’enzymes :-les exoglucanases(1, 4-β-D-glucaneglucano hydrolases) attaquent la molécule de cellulose en bout de chaîne, du côté non réducteur en libérant des résidus cellobioses,-les endoglucanases(1, 4-β-D-glucanecellobio-hydrolases) opèrent de façon aléatoire, des coupures à l'intérieur des chaînes de cellulose et créent donc des sites d’attaque supplémentaires pour les exoglucanases,-les cellobiases(β-glucosidases) hydrolysent le cellobiose, mais également le cellotriose et le cellotétraose, en glucose. 1, record 86, French, - exoglucanase
Record 86, Spanish
Record 86, Textual support, Spanish
Record 87 - internal organization data 2011-02-18
Record 87, English
Record 87, Subject field(s)
- Endocrine System and Metabolism
Record 87, Main entry term, English
- Gaucher's disease
1, record 87, English, Gaucher%27s%20disease
correct
Record 87, Abbreviations, English
Record 87, Synonyms, English
Record 87, Textual support, English
Record number: 87, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A storage disease resulting from glycocerebroside accumulation in macrophages due to a genetic deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. 1, record 87, English, - Gaucher%27s%20disease
Record number: 87, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[Gaucher's disease] may occur in adults but occurs most severely in infants, in whom cerebroside also accumulates in neurons; marked by hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and bone destruction by characteristic cells containing cytoplasmic tubules; autosomal recessive inheritance. 1, record 87, English, - Gaucher%27s%20disease
Record 87, French
Record 87, Domaine(s)
- Systèmes endocrinien et métabolique
Record 87, Main entry term, French
- maladie de Gaucher
1, record 87, French, maladie%20de%20Gaucher
correct, feminine noun
Record 87, Abbreviations, French
Record 87, Synonyms, French
Record 87, Textual support, French
Record number: 87, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Maladie héréditaire du métabolisme des sphingolipides, et génétique de transmission autosomique récessive, due au déficit en b-glucosidase acide. Elle est classée parmi les maladies lysosomales. 2, record 87, French, - maladie%20de%20Gaucher
Record number: 87, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le déficit enzymatique conduit à l'accumulation pathologique du substrat(glucocérébroside) dans les lysosomes. Cette surcharge métabolique est responsable d’une maladie polyviscérale avec hépatosplénomégalie, infiltration de la moelle osseuse avec anémie et thrombopénie, et atteinte osseuse. L'atteinte neurologique est plus rare, définissant les maladies de Gaucher de type 2 et 3. 1, record 87, French, - maladie%20de%20Gaucher
Record 87, Spanish
Record 87, Textual support, Spanish
Record 88 - internal organization data 2011-02-09
Record 88, English
Record 88, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology
Record 88, Main entry term, English
- prosthetic group
1, record 88, English, prosthetic%20group
correct
Record 88, Abbreviations, English
Record 88, Synonyms, English
Record 88, Textual support, English
Record number: 88, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A non-protein molecule that associates with a protein to form a complex. Examples include coenzymes such as flavins and pyridine nucleotides, as well as lipids and polysaccharides, which associate with lipoproteins and glycoproteins, respectively. 2, record 88, English, - prosthetic%20group
Record number: 88, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The heme enzymes catalase and peroxidase, which have distinctive absorption spectra due to their heme prosthetic groups, show transient changes in their spectra on mixing with hydrogen peroxide, their substrate, which reflect the formation and decomposition of their enzyme-substrate complexes. 3, record 88, English, - prosthetic%20group
Record 88, French
Record 88, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
- Biotechnologie
Record 88, Main entry term, French
- groupement prosthétique
1, record 88, French, groupement%20prosth%C3%A9tique
correct, masculine noun
Record 88, Abbreviations, French
Record 88, Synonyms, French
- groupe prosthétique 2, record 88, French, groupe%20prosth%C3%A9tique
correct, masculine noun
Record 88, Textual support, French
Record number: 88, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Structure non protéique, fortement liée à l’apoenzyme. 1, record 88, French, - groupement%20prosth%C3%A9tique
Record number: 88, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'enzyme exige quelquefois la participation de molécules non protéiques; on leur donne en principe le nom de coenzyme lorsque ces molécules ne sont pas fixées par des liaisons covalentes à la protéine, et de groupe prosthétique lorsqu'elles y sont liées. Dans ces deux cas, la partie protéique proprement dite porte le nom d’apoenzyme, l'ensemble apoenzyme et cofacteur celui de holoenzyme. Toutes les fois que l'on connaît mal le nombre de ces cofacteurs, ou lorsque plusieurs enzymes participent à une réaction comportant elle-même éventuellement plusieurs stades, on utilise l'expression système enzymatique, chaque nom d’enzyme ne devant recouvrir qu'un édifice protéique défini catalysant un stade chimique élémentaire. 3, record 88, French, - groupement%20prosth%C3%A9tique
Record 88, Spanish
Record 88, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
- Biotecnología
Record 88, Main entry term, Spanish
- grupo prostético
1, record 88, Spanish, grupo%20prost%C3%A9tico
correct, masculine noun
Record 88, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 88, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 88, Textual support, Spanish
Record 89 - internal organization data 2011-01-12
Record 89, English
Record 89, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 89, Main entry term, English
- boundary simulation method
1, record 89, English, boundary%20simulation%20method
correct
Record 89, Abbreviations, English
Record 89, Synonyms, English
Record 89, Textual support, English
Record number: 89, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Boundary simulation method eliminates the need to simulate an entire enzyme in a "box" of water; instead one simulates the active site of the enzyme and introduces a boundary region that confines the active-site water molecules and allows an exchange of energy across the boundary between the active site and its surroundings.... The boundary simulation method is now being applied to a number of proteins, including the enzyme ribonuclease, which cleaves ribonucleic acid (RNA) by cutting between two nucleotides, the units that make up a strand of RNA. 1, record 89, English, - boundary%20simulation%20method
Record 89, French
Record 89, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 89, Main entry term, French
- simulation des bords
1, record 89, French, simulation%20des%20bords
correct, feminine noun
Record 89, Abbreviations, French
Record 89, Synonyms, French
Record 89, Textual support, French
Record number: 89, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La simulation des bords permet d’étudier la catalyse enzymatique sans prendre en compte tous les atomes de l'enzyme et du solvant qui l'entoure. Dans cette méthode, on ne simule que le site actif de l'enzyme et l'on replace les atomes éliminés par une région frontalière où les molécules d’eau du site actif sont confinées, tout en permettant l'échange d’énergie entre le site actif et son environnement. [...] On a appliqué cette méthode de simulation à un grand nombre de protéines, notamment la ribonucléase, une enzyme qui coupe l'acide ribonucléique(ARN) entre deux nucléotides(les nucléotides constituent les sous-unités de l'ARN). 2, record 89, French, - simulation%20des%20bords
Record 89, Spanish
Record 89, Textual support, Spanish
Record 90 - internal organization data 2011-01-12
Record 90, English
Record 90, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 90, Main entry term, English
- bisubstrate reaction
1, record 90, English, bisubstrate%20reaction
correct
Record 90, Abbreviations, English
Record 90, Synonyms, English
Record 90, Textual support, English
Record number: 90, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Enzymatic reactions having two ... substrates. Most enzymes catalyze reactions with two interacting substrates; such reactions show much more complex kinetics than the simple one-substrate reactions. Enzymes catalyzing bisubstrate reactions include the large class of transferases, which catalyze the transfer of a specific functional group from one of the substrates to the other. 1, record 90, English, - bisubstrate%20reaction
Record 90, French
Record 90, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 90, Main entry term, French
- réaction à deux substrats
1, record 90, French, r%C3%A9action%20%C3%A0%20deux%20substrats
correct, feminine noun
Record 90, Abbreviations, French
Record 90, Synonyms, French
Record 90, Textual support, French
Record number: 90, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Réaction catalysée par un enzyme qui met en jeu deux substrats. Lorsque la réaction exige la participation de deux molécules de substrat réagissant entre elles pour donner deux molécules de produit le processus enzymatique peut comporter de nombreuses variantes. 2, record 90, French, - r%C3%A9action%20%C3%A0%20deux%20substrats
Record number: 90, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les réactions à deux substrats dans lesquelles l’un des deux substrats est toujours à concentration saturante, comme c’est le cas pour de nombreuses réactions d’hydrolyse, ont un comportement cinétique formellement analogue à celui d’une réaction typique à un substrat. 3, record 90, French, - r%C3%A9action%20%C3%A0%20deux%20substrats
Record 90, Spanish
Record 90, Textual support, Spanish
Record 91 - internal organization data 2011-01-12
Record 91, English
Record 91, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 91, Main entry term, English
- pepsin
1, record 91, English, pepsin
correct
Record 91, Abbreviations, English
Record 91, Synonyms, English
Record 91, Textual support, English
Record number: 91, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Pepsins ... are constructed to catalyze hydrolysis under acidic conditions, using side-chain carboxyl groups in the mechanism. More than one enzyme is secreted, but they appear to be similar in general properties. The best known favors the hydrolysis of peptides with aromatic or carboxylic groups in the side chains. 2, record 91, English, - pepsin
Record 91, French
Record 91, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 91, Main entry term, French
- pepsine
1, record 91, French, pepsine
correct, feminine noun
Record 91, Abbreviations, French
Record 91, Synonyms, French
Record 91, Textual support, French
Record number: 91, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Endopeptidase qui est le principal constituant du suc gastrique, provenant de l’activation du pepsinogène sécrété par les cellules principales de la muqueuse gastrique. Elle décompose les protéines en peptides. 2, record 91, French, - pepsine
Record number: 91, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'hydrolyse enzymatique est rarement totale à moins d’une longue incubation. De plus, les enzymes sont des réactifs plus ou moins spécifiques d’un certain type de liaisons peptidiques. La plupart des enzymes effectuent des hydrolyses partielles(pepsine, trypsine, chymotrypsine, carboxypeptidases, leucine amino-peptidase). C'est seulement avec des enzymes à très large spécificité, d’origine bactérienne ou fongique(subtilisine de B. subtilis, pronase de Streptomyces griseus) qu'il est possible de réaliser une hydrolyse totale. 3, record 91, French, - pepsine
Record 91, Spanish
Record 91, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 91, Main entry term, Spanish
- pepsina
1, record 91, Spanish, pepsina
correct, feminine noun
Record 91, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 91, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 91, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 91, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Enzima digestiva. 2, record 91, Spanish, - pepsina
Record 92 - internal organization data 2011-01-11
Record 92, English
Record 92, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 92, Main entry term, English
- digestion
1, record 92, English, digestion
correct
Record 92, Abbreviations, English
Record 92, Synonyms, English
Record 92, Textual support, English
Record number: 92, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Breakdown of samples of material for experimental or analytical purposes in vitro. For example, samples of proteins or carbohydrates may be digested with either enzymes or dilute acids prior to analysis on the constituent amino acids or sugars. 2, record 92, English, - digestion
Record 92, French
Record 92, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 92, Main entry term, French
- digestion
1, record 92, French, digestion
correct, feminine noun
Record 92, Abbreviations, French
Record 92, Synonyms, French
Record 92, Textual support, French
Record number: 92, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'action préalable de la chaleur en milieu alcalin ou de certains agents dénaturants comme l'urée est encore couramment utilisée [...] pour permettre [...] une meilleure pénétration de l'enzyme au sein de la molécule du substrat. [...] Toutefois, malgré ce temps préparatoire, la protéolyse enzymatique reste partielle comme le prouve la persistance d’un résidu insoluble résistant à la digestion enzymatique. Pour améliorer ces résultats, une action chimique complémentaire, portant sur les ponts disulfures, a été introduite. 2, record 92, French, - digestion
Record 92, Spanish
Record 92, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 92, Main entry term, Spanish
- digestión
1, record 92, Spanish, digesti%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 92, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 92, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 92, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 92, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Rotura de productos complejos provocada por enzimas, que los transforman en sustancias metabolizables. 2, record 92, Spanish, - digesti%C3%B3n
Record 93 - internal organization data 2011-01-11
Record 93, English
Record 93, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 93, Main entry term, English
- irreversible denaturation
1, record 93, English, irreversible%20denaturation
correct
Record 93, Abbreviations, English
Record 93, Synonyms, English
Record 93, Textual support, English
Record number: 93, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The factors which contribute to the irreversible denaturation of soluble enzymes (aggregation, autolysis, etc.) are different from the factors likely to be responsible for irreversible denaturation of proteins ... As a rule, denaturation of enzymes induced by elevated temperature, extreme pH values, or organic solvents can only be irreversible as a result of secondary processes, e.g., aggregation, chemical modification of functional groups, autolysis or degradation induced by admixtures of other enzymes, or breakage of the native disulphide bonds.... It is likely that the denatured immobilized enzyme may adopt an incorrect conformation upon removal of the denaturing conditions. In these circumstances it is proposed that subsequent denaturation and renaturation under controlled conditions may permit the immobilized enzyme to refold and renature to the correct conformation. 2, record 93, English, - irreversible%20denaturation
Record 93, French
Record 93, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 93, Main entry term, French
- dénaturation irréversible
1, record 93, French, d%C3%A9naturation%20irr%C3%A9versible
correct, feminine noun
Record 93, Abbreviations, French
Record 93, Synonyms, French
Record 93, Textual support, French
Record number: 93, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'énergie nécessaire pour faire apparaître l'inactivation est très élevée, ce qui est interprété par la nécessité de rompre simultanément plusieurs liaisons pour déterminer une inactivation irréversible. La courbe d’activité de l'enzyme en fonction de la température est donc composite(en forme de cloche) : le sommet expérimental de cette courbe représente en fait un domaine d’instabilité entre dénaturation réversible et dénaturation irréversible, si bien qu'il n’ y a pas de température optimale pour une réaction enzymatique. 1, record 93, French, - d%C3%A9naturation%20irr%C3%A9versible
Record 93, Spanish
Record 93, Textual support, Spanish
Record 94 - internal organization data 2011-01-11
Record 94, English
Record 94, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 94, Main entry term, English
- carrier-binding method
1, record 94, English, carrier%2Dbinding%20method
correct
Record 94, Abbreviations, English
Record 94, Synonyms, English
Record 94, Textual support, English
Record number: 94, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Immobilization method for enzymes characterized by the binding of enzymes to water-insoluble carriers. 2, record 94, English, - carrier%2Dbinding%20method
Record number: 94, Textual support number: 1 CONT
In the carrier-binding mehtod ... care is required regarding the selection of carriers as well as in binding techniques. Namely, the amount of enzyme bound to the carrier and the activity after immobilization depend markedly on the nature of the carrier. Although the selection of a carrier also depends on the nature of the enzyme itself, the following aspects must be considered; (1) particle size, (2) surface area, (3) molar ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic groups, and (4) chemical composition. 1, record 94, English, - carrier%2Dbinding%20method
Record number: 94, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Attachment of an enzyme to an insoluble carrier is the oldest ... and most prevalent method for enzyme immobilization ... The artificial immobilization of enzymes can be subclassified according to the binding mode of the enzyme into: physical adsorption, ionic binding, chelation or metal binding, and covalent binding. In any of these methods the selection of the insoluble carrier as well as the binding method is of paramount importance. 3, record 94, English, - carrier%2Dbinding%20method
Record 94, French
Record 94, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 94, Main entry term, French
- fixation sur un support solide
1, record 94, French, fixation%20sur%20un%20support%20solide
correct, feminine noun
Record 94, Abbreviations, French
Record 94, Synonyms, French
Record 94, Textual support, French
Record number: 94, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Méthode d’immobilisation d’enzymes dans laquelle l’enzyme doit être fixée aussi solidement que possible au support. Il importe donc de prendre en compte les caractéristiques propres tant de la protéine que l’on veut fixer que du support : taille des particules, rapport molaire des groupements hydrophiles et hydrophobes, groupements réactifs. 2, record 94, French, - fixation%20sur%20un%20support%20solide
Record number: 94, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'immobilisation des enzymes a pu être réalisée par des procédés très divers : réticulation de la protéine enzymatique, conduisant à des agrégats insolubles, inclusion dans les mailles d’un gel [...] ou en microcapsules poreuses, ou fixation sur un support solide insoluble(matrice) par adsorption, ou mieux par liaison covalente. 3, record 94, French, - fixation%20sur%20un%20support%20solide
Record 94, Spanish
Record 94, Textual support, Spanish
Record 95 - internal organization data 2011-01-10
Record 95, English
Record 95, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 95, Main entry term, English
- enzyme regulation
1, record 95, English, enzyme%20regulation
correct
Record 95, Abbreviations, English
Record 95, Synonyms, English
- enzyme control 2, record 95, English, enzyme%20control
correct
Record 95, Textual support, English
Record number: 95, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Regulation of enzyme activity. Enzymes may be regulated at two levels: (1) at the level of gene expression and protein synthesis through induction and repression; (2) at the enzyme level through enzyme inhibition or activation as a result of the binding of effector molecules at allosteric sites on the enzyme. 2, record 95, English, - enzyme%20regulation
Record 95, French
Record 95, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 95, Main entry term, French
- régulation de l'activité enzymatique
1, record 95, French, r%C3%A9gulation%20de%20l%27activit%C3%A9%20enzymatique
correct, feminine noun
Record 95, Abbreviations, French
Record 95, Synonyms, French
Record 95, Textual support, French
Record number: 95, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Deux mécanismes majeurs sont à la base de la régulation de l'activité enzymatique : le contrôle génétique et le contrôle de la catalyse. Le contrôle génétique fait intervenir un changement dans la quantité totale de molécules enzymatiques. Les exemples les plus connus de cette forme de régulation sont l'induction enzymatique et la répression chez les micro-organismes [...]. Le contrôle de la catalyse fait intervenir un changement dans l'activité enzymatique sans que change la quantité totale de l'enzyme synthétisée. 1, record 95, French, - r%C3%A9gulation%20de%20l%27activit%C3%A9%20enzymatique
Record 95, Spanish
Record 95, Textual support, Spanish
Record 96 - internal organization data 2011-01-10
Record 96, English
Record 96, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 96, Main entry term, English
- enzyme-substrate complex
1, record 96, English, enzyme%2Dsubstrate%20complex
correct
Record 96, Abbreviations, English
Record 96, Synonyms, English
- Michaelis-Menten complex 2, record 96, English, Michaelis%2DMenten%20complex
correct
- enzyme-substrate intermediate 2, record 96, English, enzyme%2Dsubstrate%20intermediate
correct
Record 96, Textual support, English
Record number: 96, Textual support number: 1 CONT
An enzyme reaction occurs by the formation of a transitory complex of enzyme and substrate. This occurs at the "active center".... This enzyme-substrate complex, called the Michaelis-Menten complex, decomposes into enzyme and product (or products). 1, record 96, English, - enzyme%2Dsubstrate%20complex
Record number: 96, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The enzyme-substrate complex in which the substrate is covalently linked to the enzyme is called "enzyme-substrate compound". 2, record 96, English, - enzyme%2Dsubstrate%20complex
Record 96, French
Record 96, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 96, Main entry term, French
- complexe enzyme-substrat
1, record 96, French, complexe%20enzyme%2Dsubstrat
correct, masculine noun
Record 96, Abbreviations, French
Record 96, Synonyms, French
- complexe ES 2, record 96, French, complexe%20ES
correct, masculine noun
Record 96, Textual support, French
Record number: 96, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Des études cristallographiques ont [...] été effectuées sur des protéines enzymatiques en présence d’analogues de substrats. Elles ont conduit à préciser la position du substrat dans le complexe enzyme-substrat, la nature des interactions entre les deux molécules et l'emplacement exact des groupes catalytiques de la protéine par rapport au substrat, permettant ainsi de proposer des mécanismes plausibles pour la catalyse enzymatique. 1, record 96, French, - complexe%20enzyme%2Dsubstrat
Record 96, Spanish
Record 96, Textual support, Spanish
Record 97 - internal organization data 2011-01-05
Record 97, English
Record 97, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 97, Main entry term, English
- catalytic residue
1, record 97, English, catalytic%20residue
correct
Record 97, Abbreviations, English
Record 97, Synonyms, English
- activity critical residue 1, record 97, English, activity%20critical%20residue
correct
Record 97, Textual support, English
Record number: 97, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Amino acid residue directly involved in the covalent bond changes during enzyme action. 2, record 97, English, - catalytic%20residue
Record number: 97, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Chymotrypsinogen has a single polypeptide chain of 245 residues held together by five intrachain disulfide bridges... It is converted into active [alpha] chymotrypsin by the enzymatic hydrolysis of four peptide linkages, by sequential action of trypsin and chymotrypsin, with the release of two dipeptides. The active [alpha] chymotrypsin produced this way consists of three polypeptide chains held together by two -S-S bonds. Thus the two specific residues essential for catalytic activity, histidine 57 and serine 195, are present in two different chains. However, it has been directly established by x-ray analysis of the tertiary structure of chymotrypsin that these ... catalytic residues ... are actually very close to each other in the conformation of the native enzyme. 1, record 97, English, - catalytic%20residue
Record 97, French
Record 97, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 97, Main entry term, French
- résidu catalytique
1, record 97, French, r%C3%A9sidu%20catalytique
correct, masculine noun
Record 97, Abbreviations, French
Record 97, Synonyms, French
- aminoacide catalytiquement actif 2, record 97, French, aminoacide%20catalytiquement%20actif
correct, masculine noun
Record 97, Textual support, French
Record number: 97, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le chymotrypsinogène est composé d’une chaîne polypeptidique unique contenant 245 acides aminés et comportant cinq liaisons disulfure intracaténaires. Il est transformé en [alpha]-chymotrypsine active par l'hydrolyse enzymatique de quatre liaisons peptidiques sous l'influence séquentielle de la trypsine et de la chymotrypsine, avec libération de deux dipeptides. L'[alpha]-chymotrypsine active ainsi produite est constituée de trois chaînes polypeptidiques maintenues par deux liaisons-S-S. Ainsi, les deux acides aminés spécifiques essentiels à l'activité catalytique, l'histidine en position 57 et la sérine 195, se trouvent dans deux chaînes différentes. Néanmoins, des analyses aux rayons X de la structure tertiaire de la chymotrypsine ont établi directement que ces [...] résidus catalytiques [...] se trouvent en fait très proches l'un de l'autre dans la conformation de l'enzyme natif. 2, record 97, French, - r%C3%A9sidu%20catalytique
Record 97, Spanish
Record 97, Textual support, Spanish
Record 98 - internal organization data 2011-01-05
Record 98, English
Record 98, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 98, Main entry term, English
- catalytic activity
1, record 98, English, catalytic%20activity
correct
Record 98, Abbreviations, English
Record 98, Synonyms, English
Record 98, Textual support, English
Record number: 98, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ratio of the space velocity of a catalyst being tested, to the space velocity required for a standard catalyst to give the same conversion as the catalyst under test. In the case of enzymes, it is dependent on temperature, as in the case of ordinary chemical catalysts, but the activity is lost at temperatures above a certain limit due to the denaturation of enzyme protein. Therefore, it is considered that studies on temperature dependence caused by immobilization may provide useful information for comparisons of enzymes and chemical catalysts. 2, record 98, English, - catalytic%20activity
Record number: 98, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Most enzymes have molecular weights substantially higher than 17,000 and contain more than one peptide chain. Normally, these polypeptide subunits show no catalytic activity by themselves. It is essential that the subunits be fitted together exactly in a specific, three-dimensional conformation to preserve enzyme activity. 3, record 98, English, - catalytic%20activity
Record 98, French
Record 98, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 98, Main entry term, French
- activité catalytique
1, record 98, French, activit%C3%A9%20catalytique
correct, feminine noun
Record 98, Abbreviations, French
Record 98, Synonyms, French
Record 98, Textual support, French
Record number: 98, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'activité catalytique étant le caractère essentiel de tout enzyme, elle sert à en définir les unités. L'établissement de celles-ci suppose que la réaction catalysée est connue sans ambiguïté, que la quantité de produit formé est mesurable par une méthode analytique fiable, que la réaction est effectuée en présence d’une quantité non limitante de substrat et que l'observation de la réaction porte sur une période suffisamment courte pour que la concentration en substrat puisse y être considérée comme constante et celle du produit comme négligeable. Dans ces condition, l'unité standard ou unité internationale U. I. d’activité enzymatique est la quantité d’enzyme qui catalyse la transformation de 1 micromole de substrat par minute(dans des conditions de milieu, de pH et de température qu'il convient à chaque fois de préciser). 2, record 98, French, - activit%C3%A9%20catalytique
Record 98, Spanish
Record 98, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 98, Main entry term, Spanish
- actividad catalítica
1, record 98, Spanish, actividad%20catal%C3%ADtica
correct, feminine noun
Record 98, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 98, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 98, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 98, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Cociente entre la velocidad espacial que se usa para alcanzar una determinada conversión con un catalizador y la velocidad espacial necesaria para conseguir dicha conversión con un catalizador de referencia. 1, record 98, Spanish, - actividad%20catal%C3%ADtica
Record 99 - internal organization data 2011-01-05
Record 99, English
Record 99, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 99, Main entry term, English
- C chain
1, record 99, English, C%20chain
correct
Record 99, Abbreviations, English
Record 99, Synonyms, English
Record 99, Textual support, English
Record number: 99, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The ATCase of E. coli ... has a molecular weight of about 310,000 but can be dissociated by treatment with mercurial reagents to yield two identical catalytic subunits and three identical regulatory subunits. Each of the two catalytic subunits has a molecular weight of about 100,000 and contains three polypeptide chains of molecular weight 34,000 called C chains. Each catalytic subunit contains three binding sites for the substrate aspartate, one on each of the three C chains. The catalytic subunits have enzymatic activity but are not sensitive to the modulator CTP. 2, record 99, English, - C%20chain
Record 99, French
Record 99, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 99, Main entry term, French
- chaîne C
1, record 99, French, cha%C3%AEne%20C
correct, feminine noun
Record 99, Abbreviations, French
Record 99, Synonyms, French
Record 99, Textual support, French
Record number: 99, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Chacune des trois chaînes polypeptidiques (P.M. 34 000) composant une sous-unité catalytique de l’aspartate transcarbamylase d’E. coli (ATCase). L’ATCase d’E. coli comprend deux sous-unités catalytiques et trois sous-unités régulatrices. 2, record 99, French, - cha%C3%AEne%20C
Record number: 99, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Chacune des 2 sous-unités catalytiques [...] de l'ATCase [...] possède trois sites de fixation pour le substrat, l'aspartate, un site sur chacune des chaînes C. Ces sous-unités catalytiques ont une activité enzymatique mais ne sont pas sensibles au modulateur CTP. 3, record 99, French, - cha%C3%AEne%20C
Record number: 99, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Voir «sous-unité catalytique». 2, record 99, French, - cha%C3%AEne%20C
Record 99, Spanish
Record 99, Textual support, Spanish
Record 100 - internal organization data 2011-01-05
Record 100, English
Record 100, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 100, Main entry term, English
- catalysis
1, record 100, English, catalysis
correct
Record 100, Abbreviations, English
Record 100, Synonyms, English
Record 100, Textual support, English
Record number: 100, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Promotion of a chemical reaction by addition of a substance or enzyme (catalyst) that partakes in, but is not permanently affected by the reaction. In the case of enzymes, it is mediated by the functional groups found in amino acid side chains and coenzymes. Notably, the amino acid side chains of histidine, serine, cysteine, lysine, glutamate, and aspartate are frequently directly involved in the catalytic process. Coenzymes or metals work in conjunction with enzymes to provide a greater variety of functional groups than is available through amino acid side chains alone. 2, record 100, English, - catalysis
Record number: 100, Textual support number: 1 CONT
DNA technology enables the facile modification of proteins by highly specific mutagenesis of their genes. Enzymes with novel properties may be produced in large quantities from the mutant genes. Kinetic analysis of the mutant enzymes can be combined with high-resolution structural data from protein X-ray crystallography to provide direct measurements on the relationships between structure and function. In particular, the strength and nature of enzyme-substrate interactions and their roles in catalysis and specificity may be studied. 3, record 100, English, - catalysis
Record 100, French
Record 100, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 100, Main entry term, French
- catalyse
1, record 100, French, catalyse
correct, feminine noun
Record 100, Abbreviations, French
Record 100, Synonyms, French
Record 100, Textual support, French
Record number: 100, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Accélération d’une réaction chimique grâce à la présence, en petite quantité, d’une substance (appelée catalyseur), qui est retrouvée inchangée à la fin de la réaction. 2, record 100, French, - catalyse
Record number: 100, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Certains enzymes subissent une activation irréversible quand ils sont traités par des agents capables de se fixer de façon covalente à un groupement fonctionnel indispensable à la catalyse, ce qui conduit à la formation d’une molécule enzymatique inactive. 3, record 100, French, - catalyse
Record 100, Spanish
Record 100, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 100, Main entry term, Spanish
- catálisis
1, record 100, Spanish, cat%C3%A1lisis
correct, feminine noun
Record 100, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 100, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 100, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 100, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Proceso por el cual varía la velocidad de una reacción química por la presencia de una sustancia, el catalizador, que al finalizar la reacción permanece inalterada. 1, record 100, Spanish, - cat%C3%A1lisis
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