TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
ENZYME CATALYTIQUE [17 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2014-12-10
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- binding energy
1, record 1, English, binding%20energy
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
It is generally considered that the structure of an enzyme should be complementary to the structure of the transition state rather than to the substrates of products. By this means, the increase in binding energy as the reaction proceeds lowers the activation energy of the chemical step - the 'strain' theory of catalysis.... On binding, the substrate is strained or distorted. In Haldane's words: "Using Fischer's lock and key smile, the key does not fit the lock perfectly but exercises a certain strain on it" ... Nowadays, the modified concept of transition state stabilization is gaining favor. According to this idea, it is not that the substrate is distorted but rather that the transition state makes better contacts with the enzyme than the substrate does, so that the full binding energy is not realized until the transition state is reached. 2, record 1, English, - binding%20energy
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Binding energy can, in theory, also be used to alter the energy levels of enzyme-bound reagents and so alter the equilibrium constants between enzyme-bound substrates, intermediates and products.... Protein engineering ... is eminently suited to studying and quantifying the role of binding energy in catalysis since side chains of the enzyme that interact with the substrate may be systematically modified to make small perturbations in the binding energy. 3, record 1, English, - binding%20energy
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- énergie de liaison
1, record 1, French, %C3%A9nergie%20de%20liaison
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Au cours du processus de catalyse, [...] une combinaison enzyme-substrat [...] représente l'étape intermédiaire obligatoire. Ensuite, les profonds remaniements subis par cette combinaison conduisent à la libération des produits. C'est dire que la caractérisation des liaisons chimiques impliquées dans le processus doit être abordée dans une double perspective : d’une part les liaisons qui participeront à la reconnaissance du substrat par l'enzyme et à la constitution de la combinaison enzyme-substrat, et, d’autre part, les liaisons qui seront impliquées dans les mécanismes catalytiques proprement dits. Les énergies de liaison mises en œuvre sont en effet fondamentalement différentes selon qu'il s’agit de l'un ou l'autre cas. Dans le processus de reconnaissance, ces énergies se situent dans la gamme des 10 k. cal/mole : seules des «liaisons faibles» seront impliquées. Dans le mécanisme catalytique, les énergies mises en jeu sont de l'ordre de 100 k. cal./mole ou plus : des «liaisons fortes» seront impliquées. 2, record 1, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20liaison
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 1, Main entry term, Spanish
- energía de enlace
1, record 1, Spanish, energ%C3%ADa%20de%20enlace
feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 1, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2012-02-16
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- regulatory enzyme
1, record 2, English, regulatory%20enzyme
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An enzyme that possesses properties that specifically endows it with regulatory roles in metabolism. 2, record 2, English, - regulatory%20enzyme
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Regulatory enzymes occupy key positions in metabolic pathways. The structural elements needed to make a regulatory enzyme are used with great selectivity and imposed only on those enzymes with which it will result in the maximum economy of the cell's resources. An understanding of a particular multienzyme pathway usually suggests which enzymes might make attractive candidates for regulation. For example, many biosynthetic pathways involve a long chain of single chemical steps, each carried out by a discrete enzyme. ... It is obviously most economical for the first enzyme of the pathway to be inhibited once sufficient end product is present. 3, record 2, English, - regulatory%20enzyme
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
There are two major types of such enzymes: (1) allosteric enzymes, whose catalytic activity is modulated through the noncovalent binding of a specific metabolite at a site on the protein other than the catalytic site, and (2) covalently modulated enzymes, which are interconverted between active and inactive forms by the action of other enzymes. 2, record 2, English, - regulatory%20enzyme
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- enzyme de régulation
1, record 2, French, enzyme%20de%20r%C3%A9gulation
correct, masculine and feminine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
- enzyme régulateur 2, record 2, French, enzyme%20r%C3%A9gulateur
correct, masculine noun
- enzyme régulatrice 3, record 2, French, enzyme%20r%C3%A9gulatrice
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Enzyme qui joue un rôle important dans la régulation des processus métaboliques de la cellule vivante. 2, record 2, French, - enzyme%20de%20r%C3%A9gulation
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Il existe dans les principales voies métaboliques une ou plusieurs étapes catalysées par une enzyme régulatrice. Ces enzymes régulatrices, qui sont généralement allostériques, sont précisément les enzymes sur lesquelles agissent les signaux. Ces signaux activeront ou inhiberont ces enzymes et ainsi canaliseront les métabolites vers les voies satisfaisantes pour les besoins de la cellule. 4, record 2, French, - enzyme%20de%20r%C3%A9gulation
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Il en existe deux principaux types :(1) les enzymes allostériques dont l'activité est modulée grâce à l'attachement non covalent d’un métabolite spécifique sur un autre site protéique que le site catalytique;(2) les enzymes modulées de façon covalente dont la forme inactive est activée par une transformation réalisée par une autre enzyme. 2, record 2, French, - enzyme%20de%20r%C3%A9gulation
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
Record 2, Main entry term, Spanish
- enzima reguladora
1, record 2, Spanish, enzima%20reguladora
correct, see observation, feminine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 2, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Tradicionalmente, la Real Academia Española (RAE) admitía únicamente el género femenino para el sustantivo enzima; así fue hasta 1984, fecha en que pasó a considerarlo de género ambiguo, que puede funcionar por igual como masculino y como femenino. El uso, no obstante, parece haberse decantado claramente en español por el femenino, que hoy se emplea en el 90% de los casos [...] 2, record 2, Spanish, - enzima%20reguladora
Record 3 - internal organization data 2012-02-16
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Biomass Energy
- Genetics
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- immobilized enzyme
1, record 3, English, immobilized%20enzyme
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An enzyme that is physically confined while it carries out its catalytic function. 2, record 3, English, - immobilized%20enzyme
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
This may occur naturally, as in the case of particulate enzymes, or it may be produced artificially by chemical or by physical methods. 2, record 3, English, - immobilized%20enzyme
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Énergie de la biomasse
- Génétique
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- enzyme immobilisée
1, record 3, French, enzyme%20immobilis%C3%A9e
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
- enzyme fixée 2, record 3, French, enzyme%20fix%C3%A9e
correct, feminine noun
- enzyme insolubilisée 3, record 3, French, enzyme%20insolubilis%C3%A9e
correct, feminine noun, less frequent
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Enzyme localisée physiquement dans une région définie de l'espace tout en conservant son activité catalytique, et qui peut être utilisée de façon répétée et continue. 4, record 3, French, - enzyme%20immobilis%C3%A9e
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
L’immobilisation peut se faire par adsorption, microencapsulation, inclusion, réticulation ou fixation chimique sur un support solide. L’enzyme ainsi «piégée» sur un support peut catalyser en milieu hétérogène les réactions susceptibles de l’être en phase homogène par l’enzyme soluble. 5, record 3, French, - enzyme%20immobilis%C3%A9e
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Enzyme fixée par traitement chimique ou physique suffisamment doux pour éviter toute perte d’activité biologique. 6, record 3, French, - enzyme%20immobilis%C3%A9e
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
- Energía de la biomasa
- Genética
Record 3, Main entry term, Spanish
- enzima inmovilizada
1, record 3, Spanish, enzima%20inmovilizada
correct, see observation, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 3, Synonyms, Spanish
- enzima inmovilizado 2, record 3, Spanish, enzima%20inmovilizado
correct, see observation, masculine noun
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Tradicionalmente, la Real Academia Española (RAE) admitía únicamente el género femenino para el sustantivo enzima; así fue hasta 1984, fecha en que pasó a considerarlo de género ambiguo, que puede funcionar por igual como masculino y como femenino. El uso, no obstante, parece haberse decantado claramente en español por el femenino, que hoy se emplea en el 90% de los casos [...] 3, record 3, Spanish, - enzima%20inmovilizada
Record 4 - internal organization data 2011-10-21
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- covalently bound enzyme
1, record 4, English, covalently%20bound%20enzyme
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The entrapped enzymes should be differentiated into matrix-entrapped and microencapsulated enzymes, while the bound enzymes should be subdivided into adsorbed and covalently bound enzymes. It was recognized that most, but not necessarily all, immobilized enzyme systems will fit within this scheme.... In the case of covalently bound or cross-linked enzyme, the enzyme itself is probably the weakest chemical link in the system. Hence thermal, pH or inhibitor inactivation, which may not be apparent with "on-off" use of soluble enzyme in batch systems, may be very important when an enzyme is being used for extended periods. 2, record 4, English, - covalently%20bound%20enzyme
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- enzyme liée par covalence
1, record 4, French, enzyme%20li%C3%A9e%20par%20covalence
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Lorsque la température augmente, la molécule se déplie et le centre actif se désintègre, l'enzyme perd alors son activité catalytique. [Cependant, une] enzyme liée de manière convalente en plusieurs points à un support(...) résistera au processus de dépliement et donc à l'inactivation. Il a ainsi été possible de multiplier la stabilité par un facteur de 2 à 5 selon les enzymes. 1, record 4, French, - enzyme%20li%C3%A9e%20par%20covalence
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- regulatory subunit
1, record 5, English, regulatory%20subunit
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The subunit of a regulatory enzyme that has no enzymatic activity but binds the effector. 1, record 5, English, - regulatory%20subunit
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The aspartate transcarbamoylase of E. coli ... can be dissociated ... to yield two identical catalytic subunits and three identical regulatory subunits.... The mixture retains catalytic activity but the reaction is not inhibited by CTP so long as the catalytic and regulatory subunits are detached from each other. 2, record 5, English, - regulatory%20subunit
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
See "catalytic subunit". 1, record 5, English, - regulatory%20subunit
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- sous-unité régulatrice
1, record 5, French, sous%2Dunit%C3%A9%20r%C3%A9gulatrice
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
- sous-unité de régulation 2, record 5, French, sous%2Dunit%C3%A9%20de%20r%C3%A9gulation
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Sous-unité d’un enzyme allostérique capable de fixer l'effecteur allostérique(mais dépourvue d’activité catalytique). 2, record 5, French, - sous%2Dunit%C3%A9%20r%C3%A9gulatrice
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La principale action du cAMP dans le métabolisme est de stimuler l'activité des protéines kinases, un groupe d’enzymes qui catalyse la phosphorylation des protéines. [...] L'enzyme possède deux sous-unités : l'une catalytique et l'autre, régulatrice et qui peut lier le cAMP. En absence de cAMP, les sous-unités régulatrice et catalytique forment un complexe enzymatiquement inactif. La liaison du cAMP à la sous-unité régulatrice entraîne un changement conformationnel et dissocie le complexe. La sous-unité catalytique ainsi libérée est enzymatiquement active et elle phosphoryle les autres enzymes. 3, record 5, French, - sous%2Dunit%C3%A9%20r%C3%A9gulatrice
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2011-08-09
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- Kcat
1, record 6, English, Kcat
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
- catalytic constant 2, record 6, English, catalytic%20constant
correct
- catalytic rate constant 2, record 6, English, catalytic%20rate%20constant
correct
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
First order rate constant that refers to the properties and reactions of the enzyme-substrate, enzyme-intermediate, and enzyme-product complexes. 1, record 6, English, - Kcat
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Enzymes vary greatly in their rate enhancement ability, and not all have evolved to high maximum rate Vmax of conversion. High enzyme efficiency, through lowering of activation energy, is dependent on the enzyme having a high ratio of Kcat/Km, where Kcat is the rate constant for the reaction ... and Km is the Michaelis constant (substrate concentration needed to give half maximum velocity). 3, record 6, English, - Kcat
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
In the simple Michaelis-Menten mechanism in which there is only one enzyme-substrate complex and all binding steps are fast, Kcat is simply the first-order rate constant for the chemical conversion of the ES complex to the EP complex. For more complicated reactions, Kcat is a function of all the first order rate constants, and it cannot be assigned to any particular process except when simplifying features occur. 1, record 6, English, - Kcat
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS
The term Kcat should read Kcat. 4, record 6, English, - Kcat
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- k catalytique
1, record 6, French, k%20catalytique
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
- kcat 2, record 6, French, kcat
correct
- constante catalytique 2, record 6, French, constante%20catalytique
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Constante de premier ordre qui exprime le nombre de molécules de substrat transformées par molécule d’enzyme 1, record 6, French, - k%20catalytique
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Km définit bien l'affinité de l'enzyme pour son substrat. Cependant, si l'on observe plus en détail les relations(1) et(2) on constate que cette affinité dépend surtout des constantes k1 et k2. [...] À l'opposé la vitesse d’apparition des produits(P), donc en définitive la vitesse de réaction, dépend surtout de k3. C'est pourquoi on donne à cette constante K3 le nom de k catalytique oukcat. Selon la relation(3) on a :[...] k[ indice] cat exprime donc le nombre de molécules de substrat transformées par molécules d’enzyme. 2, record 6, French, - k%20catalytique
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
En raison de contraintes d’ordre technique, les formules figurant dans la source CBT-167 ne peuvent être reproduites. 3, record 6, French, - k%20catalytique
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Le terme Kcat s’écrit Kcat 3, record 6, French, - k%20catalytique
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2011-01-10
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- enzyme-substrate affinity
1, record 7, English, enzyme%2Dsubstrate%20affinity
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A fine-structure analysis of the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stereothermophilus is revealing the subtle roles of hydrogen bonding in catalysis and specificity. Modification of the residues that hydrogen-bond with ATP and tyrosine shows how the energetics must be analysed in terms of an exchange reaction with solvent water. Based on this idea, and structural data, an enzyme of vastly improved enzyme-substrate affinity has been engineered. 2, record 7, English, - enzyme%2Dsubstrate%20affinity
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- affinité d'un enzyme pour un substrat
1, record 7, French, affinit%C3%A9%20d%27un%20enzyme%20pour%20un%20substrat
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L’affinité d’un enzyme pour un substrat est égale à 1/Km. Si Km est élevé (il faut donc une concentration élevée en substrat pour avoir une vitesse égale à Vmax/2) l’affinité est faible; si Km est faible, l’affinité est grande (il suffit d’une faible concentration en substrat pour avoir une vitesse égale à Vmax/2). 1, record 7, French, - affinit%C3%A9%20d%27un%20enzyme%20pour%20un%20substrat
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Lorsqu'un activateur allostérique se fixe au site allostérique, il s’ensuit une légère modification de la conformation de l'enzyme--appelée transition allostérique--(d’ailleurs réversible), qui entraîne une modification de la conformation au niveau du site actif(catalytique). Ce site acquiert une conformation plus propice à la fixation du substrat, il y a augmentation de l'affinité de l'enzyme pour le substrat(Km’ <Km). 1, record 7, French, - affinit%C3%A9%20d%27un%20enzyme%20pour%20un%20substrat
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2011-01-05
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- catalytic residue
1, record 8, English, catalytic%20residue
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
- activity critical residue 1, record 8, English, activity%20critical%20residue
correct
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Amino acid residue directly involved in the covalent bond changes during enzyme action. 2, record 8, English, - catalytic%20residue
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Chymotrypsinogen has a single polypeptide chain of 245 residues held together by five intrachain disulfide bridges... It is converted into active [alpha] chymotrypsin by the enzymatic hydrolysis of four peptide linkages, by sequential action of trypsin and chymotrypsin, with the release of two dipeptides. The active [alpha] chymotrypsin produced this way consists of three polypeptide chains held together by two -S-S bonds. Thus the two specific residues essential for catalytic activity, histidine 57 and serine 195, are present in two different chains. However, it has been directly established by x-ray analysis of the tertiary structure of chymotrypsin that these ... catalytic residues ... are actually very close to each other in the conformation of the native enzyme. 1, record 8, English, - catalytic%20residue
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- résidu catalytique
1, record 8, French, r%C3%A9sidu%20catalytique
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
- aminoacide catalytiquement actif 2, record 8, French, aminoacide%20catalytiquement%20actif
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le chymotrypsinogène est composé d’une chaîne polypeptidique unique contenant 245 acides aminés et comportant cinq liaisons disulfure intracaténaires. Il est transformé en [alpha]-chymotrypsine active par l'hydrolyse enzymatique de quatre liaisons peptidiques sous l'influence séquentielle de la trypsine et de la chymotrypsine, avec libération de deux dipeptides. L'[alpha]-chymotrypsine active ainsi produite est constituée de trois chaînes polypeptidiques maintenues par deux liaisons-S-S. Ainsi, les deux acides aminés spécifiques essentiels à l'activité catalytique, l'histidine en position 57 et la sérine 195, se trouvent dans deux chaînes différentes. Néanmoins, des analyses aux rayons X de la structure tertiaire de la chymotrypsine ont établi directement que ces [...] résidus catalytiques [...] se trouvent en fait très proches l'un de l'autre dans la conformation de l'enzyme natif. 2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9sidu%20catalytique
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 2011-01-05
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- catalytic activity
1, record 9, English, catalytic%20activity
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ratio of the space velocity of a catalyst being tested, to the space velocity required for a standard catalyst to give the same conversion as the catalyst under test. In the case of enzymes, it is dependent on temperature, as in the case of ordinary chemical catalysts, but the activity is lost at temperatures above a certain limit due to the denaturation of enzyme protein. Therefore, it is considered that studies on temperature dependence caused by immobilization may provide useful information for comparisons of enzymes and chemical catalysts. 2, record 9, English, - catalytic%20activity
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Most enzymes have molecular weights substantially higher than 17,000 and contain more than one peptide chain. Normally, these polypeptide subunits show no catalytic activity by themselves. It is essential that the subunits be fitted together exactly in a specific, three-dimensional conformation to preserve enzyme activity. 3, record 9, English, - catalytic%20activity
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- activité catalytique
1, record 9, French, activit%C3%A9%20catalytique
correct, feminine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'activité catalytique étant le caractère essentiel de tout enzyme, elle sert à en définir les unités. L'établissement de celles-ci suppose que la réaction catalysée est connue sans ambiguïté, que la quantité de produit formé est mesurable par une méthode analytique fiable, que la réaction est effectuée en présence d’une quantité non limitante de substrat et que l'observation de la réaction porte sur une période suffisamment courte pour que la concentration en substrat puisse y être considérée comme constante et celle du produit comme négligeable. Dans ces condition, l'unité standard ou unité internationale U. I. d’activité enzymatique est la quantité d’enzyme qui catalyse la transformation de 1 micromole de substrat par minute(dans des conditions de milieu, de pH et de température qu'il convient à chaque fois de préciser). 2, record 9, French, - activit%C3%A9%20catalytique
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ciencias biológicas
Record 9, Main entry term, Spanish
- actividad catalítica
1, record 9, Spanish, actividad%20catal%C3%ADtica
correct, feminine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 9, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Cociente entre la velocidad espacial que se usa para alcanzar una determinada conversión con un catalizador y la velocidad espacial necesaria para conseguir dicha conversión con un catalizador de referencia. 1, record 9, Spanish, - actividad%20catal%C3%ADtica
Record 10 - internal organization data 2011-01-05
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- catalyze
1, record 10, English, catalyze
correct, verb
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
To act as a catalyst, i.e. to cause or produce catalysis. In the living cell, the vast majority of chemical reactions that are of value to the organism have a kinetic barrier preventing their spontaneous occurrence. This kinetic barrier is overcome by the enzyme catalyst. The directive role of the enzyme catalyst is to make energetically favorable reactions take place at a rate that is conducive to sustaining and promoting growth. 2, record 10, English, - catalyze
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Like all other catalysts, enzymes are not used up in the course of chemical reactions, and a given enzyme molecule may function many thousands of times in a single second. Most enzymes are highly specific and only catalyze a single type of chemical reaction; conversely, most chemical reactions in cells are only catalyzed by one specific enzyme. Enzymes catalyze both the forward and backward directions of a given chemical reaction. Their presence alone does not cause the chemical reactions that they catalyze to move in directions that provide orderly cell growth and division. 3, record 10, English, - catalyze
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- catalyser
1, record 10, French, catalyser
correct, verb
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Agir comme catalyseur dans une réaction. 1, record 10, French, - catalyser
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Beaucoup d’enzymes ont été dénommés en ajoutant le suffixe-ase au nom de leur substrat, c'est-à-dire la molécule sur laquelle l'enzyme exerce son action catalytique. Par exemple, l'uréase catalyse l'hydrolyse de l'urée en ammoniaque et en CO2, l'arginase catalyse l'hydrolyse de l'arginine en ornithine et en urée, et la phosphatase catalyse l'hydrolyse des esters phosphoriques. 2, record 10, French, - catalyser
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 2010-12-24
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- symmetry model
1, record 11, English, symmetry%20model
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
- concerted transition model 2, record 11, English, concerted%20transition%20model
correct
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Model for a regulatory enzyme - proposed by Monod, Wyman and Changeux - according to which the enzyme exists in two different conformational forms (denoted R and T) that are in equilibrium with each other. The two forms (a relaxed and a constrained one) differ in their capacity to bind substrate, positive effectors, and negative effectors, but the overall symmetry is maintained throughout the various binding steps so that no two identical subunits are in different conformational states at any given time. 1, record 11, English, - symmetry%20model
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
According to the symmetry model, binding the first substrate molecule increases the tendency of the remaining subunits to undergo transition to the high-affinity form through an all-or-none effect, all subunits being either in their low-affinity or their high-affinity forms. 3, record 11, English, - symmetry%20model
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- modèle symétrique
1, record 11, French, mod%C3%A8le%20sym%C3%A9trique
correct, masculine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
- modèle MWC 2, record 11, French, mod%C3%A8le%20MWC
correct, masculine noun
- modèle de symétrie 2, record 11, French, mod%C3%A8le%20de%20sym%C3%A9trie
correct, masculine noun
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
L’un des deux types de modèles qui ont été proposés pour expliquer le comportement des enzymes allostériques possédant plusieurs sous-unités qui, postule-t-on, prennent deux conformations différentes. Selon ce modèle, la fixation de la première molécule de substrat augmente la tendance des sous-unités restantes à donner lieu à des transitions vers des formes à haute affinité, selon un effet de tout-ou-rien, toutes les sous-unités se trouvant dans la conformation de faible ou de forte affinité. 2, record 11, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20sym%C3%A9trique
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Dans le modèle MWC, appelé encore modèle de symétrie, [...] il existe deux états de l'enzyme, qui sont en équilibre, un état catalytique(R ou relax) et un état inhibé(T ou tense). Dans l'état catalytique, la forme de l'enzyme lui permet de se combiner au substrat et à l'activateur. Dans la forme inhibée seul l'inhibiteur peut se combiner. Le passage d’une forme dans l'autre est appelé transition allostérique. 3, record 11, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20sym%C3%A9trique
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record 12 - internal organization data 2010-09-15
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- heat stable enzyme
1, record 12, English, heat%20stable%20enzyme
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
- thermostable enzyme 2, record 12, English, thermostable%20enzyme
correct
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The use of heat stable enzymes can retard the staling of baked and leavened cereal products such as bread. A concentrated protective sugar medium has been developed to solubilize or disperse a fungal alpha-amylase enzyme before it is incorporated in a dough. This medium protects the enzymes against thermal denaturation, thereby enabling the enzyme to remain active during baking and until the starch of the dough becomes gelatinized and subject to enzyme attack. 2, record 12, English, - heat%20stable%20enzyme
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- enzyme thermostable
1, record 12, French, enzyme%20thermostable
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Enzyme relativement résistante à l’inactivation thermique. Dans le cas d’un mélange d’enzymes, de même type d’action mais possédant une thermostabilité différente, la cinétique d’inactivation à une température donnée est biphasique. La première phase correspond à l’inactivation rapide de l’enzyme thermosensible, et la seconde à celle de l’enzyme résistante à l’inactivation thermique. Cette propriété est fréquemment utilisée en enzymologie pour faire la différence entre les enzymes présentes dans un mélange. 2, record 12, French, - enzyme%20thermostable
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les enzymes thermostables clonées dans des organismes mésophiles permettent d’amplifier la productivité, et par choc thermique d’inactiver les activités contaminantes et donc de simplifier considérablement les coûts d’extraction et de purification. L'obtention d’une enzyme performante dans des conditions industrielles précises(temps d’action, température et concentration) est toujours une stratégie de compromis entre les énergies d’activation de la réaction catalytique et la dénaturation de l'enzyme. 3, record 12, French, - enzyme%20thermostable
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record 13 - internal organization data 2010-06-01
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- catalytic efficiency
1, record 13, English, catalytic%20efficiency
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Recent advances in DNA technology have enabled a range of modifications to be engineered into the amino acid sequence of a protein.... The applications of these techniques can be used to ... make new or improved proteins of clinical interest ... or of industrial value ... by optimizing the thermal stability, pH optimum, catalytic efficiency or specificity of the proteins. As a consequence of the ability to prepare synthetic enzymes, we will be able to ... elucidate and confirm enzyme reaction mechanisms. We also may be able to reduce the tendency of an enzyme to denature, to produce completely new catalytic functions, and to enhance enzyme solubility in organic solvents. 2, record 13, English, - catalytic%20efficiency
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- efficacité catalytique
1, record 13, French, efficacit%C3%A9%20catalytique
correct, feminine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Quatre facteurs principaux semblent contribuer [...] à l'efficacité catalytique des enzymes :(1) L'enzyme pourrait fixer la molécule de substrat de telle sorte que la liaison sensible à l'attaque soit(a) très proche du groupement catalytique sur le site actif, et(b) orientée par rapport au groupement catalytique, de manière à ce que l'état transitoire se forme facilement.(2) Certains enzymes pourraient se combiner avec leur substrat afin de former un intermédiaire covalent instable qui subirait plus facilement la réaction permettant d’en former les produits.(3) En fournissant des groupements fonctionnels capables d’agir comme donneurs ou accepteurs de proton, l'enzyme pourrait amener une catalyse acide général ou base générale.(4) L'enzyme pourrait produire une tension ou une distorsion dans la liaison sensible à l'attaque de la molécule de substrat, rendant cette liaison plus facile à couper. 2, record 13, French, - efficacit%C3%A9%20catalytique
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record 14 - internal organization data 2009-08-18
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Chemical Engineering
- Anti-pollution Measures
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- dehalogenation
1, record 14, English, dehalogenation
correct
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
Record 14, Synonyms, English
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The process of removing an halogen molecule (usually chlorine) from a contaminant. 2, record 14, English, - dehalogenation
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Catalytic Reductive Dehalogenation (CRD) uses dissolved hydrogen as a reducing agent, in the presence of a palladium-on-alumina catalyst, to chemically transform compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) into environmentally benign ethane without the accumulation of intermediate transformation products such as vinyl chloride. 3, record 14, English, - dehalogenation
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR
Catalytic reductive, chemical, mechanochemical dehalogenation. 2, record 14, English, - dehalogenation
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Use of Metal Chelate Complexes in Dehalogenation. ... A method for dehalogenation of organohalogen compounds, e.g. environmental pollutants in industrial waste. The organohalogen is reacted with a reducing agent in the presence of a selected metal-centred corrin, porphyrin or phthalocyanine complex. 4, record 14, English, - dehalogenation
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Génie chimique
- Mesures antipollution
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- déshalogénation
1, record 14, French, d%C3%A9shalog%C3%A9nation
correct, feminine noun
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
Record 14, Synonyms, French
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Étude de la déshalogénation réductrice des chlorophénols par [la bactérie] Desulfitobacterium frappieri. [...] Cette recherche nous permet d’acquérir de nouvelles connaissances sur les microorganismes anaérobies et des enzymes impliquées dans la déshalogénation réductrice de polluants halogénés et leurs utilisations éventuelles dans des procédés anaérobies. 2, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9shalog%C3%A9nation
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR
Déshalogénation anaérobie, argentique, catalytique, enzymatique, hydrolytique, microbienne réductive, oxydative, réductrice; déshalogénation catalysée par une enzyme. 3, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9shalog%C3%A9nation
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 PHR
Dispositif, mécanisme, réaction de déshalogénation. 3, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9shalog%C3%A9nation
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 PHR
Déshalogénation de BPC, de chlorophénols, d’hydrocarbures, de polluants halogénés. 3, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9shalog%C3%A9nation
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 4 PHR
Déshalogénation par électrons solvatés, par passage sur charbon actif. 3, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9shalog%C3%A9nation
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Ingenieria química
- Medidas contra la contaminación
Record 14, Main entry term, Spanish
- deshalogenación
1, record 14, Spanish, deshalogenaci%C3%B3n
correct, feminine noun
Record 14, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 14, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Proceso por medio del cual, se reduce el número de átomos de halógeno que se encuentra en una molécula orgánica. 2, record 14, Spanish, - deshalogenaci%C3%B3n
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Los compuestos polihalogenados son tóxicos y, la disminución del número de halógenos en la molécula disminuye su toxicidad. 2, record 14, Spanish, - deshalogenaci%C3%B3n
Record 15 - internal organization data 2003-04-17
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- enzymatic defect
1, record 15, English, enzymatic%20defect
correct
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
Record 15, Synonyms, English
- enzyme defect 2, record 15, English, enzyme%20defect
correct
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The method to detect mutations or genetic damage in cells was an assay of cloned HPRT-Human T-lymphocytes. This method offers the advantage that mutant cells survive and yield offspring and thus mutation is no longer represented by a single dead cell but by a population of cells whose enzymatic defect can be confirmed, studied and characterized. 3, record 15, English, - enzymatic%20defect
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
- Génétique
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- défaut enzymatique
1, record 15, French, d%C3%A9faut%20enzymatique
correct, masculine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
- défectuosité enzymatique 2, record 15, French, d%C3%A9fectuosit%C3%A9%20enzymatique
feminine noun
- déficience enzymatique 3, record 15, French, d%C3%A9ficience%20enzymatique
correct, feminine noun
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS
On connaît de nombreuses maladies génétiques humaines dans lesquelles un enzyme est soit totalement inactif soit altéré dans sa fonction catalytique ou régulatrice. Dans ces maladies, la molécule enzymatique défectueuse peut contenir un ou plusieurs aminoacides anormaux dans sa(ses) chaîne(s)(polypeptidiques(s) comme résultat d’une mutation du DNA. 4, record 15, French, - d%C3%A9faut%20enzymatique
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Bioquímica
- Genética
Record 15, Main entry term, Spanish
- defecto enzimático
1, record 15, Spanish, defecto%20enzim%C3%A1tico
correct, masculine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 15, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 1991-09-30
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- Biochemistry
Record 16, Main entry term, English
- catalytic enzyme
1, record 16, English, catalytic%20enzyme
correct
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
Record 16, Synonyms, English
Record 16, Textual support, English
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Two recent discoveries, catalytic enzymes and cell adhesion molecules, may transform medicine and biotechnology. Catalytic antibodies, also known as alzymes, are artificial antibodies which work like natural enzymes to make biochemical reactions possible. In principle, on alzyme can be designed to catalyse (speed up) any biochemical reaction whose mechanism is known using genetic engineering and monoclonal antibody technology. 1, record 16, English, - catalytic%20enzyme
Record 16, Key term(s)
- alzyme
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Biochimie
Record 16, Main entry term, French
- enzyme catalytique
1, record 16, French, enzyme%20catalytique
correct
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
Record 16, Synonyms, French
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Voir enzyme et catalytique. 1, record 16, French, - enzyme%20catalytique
Record 16, Key term(s)
- alzyme
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
Record 17 - internal organization data 1990-01-16
Record 17, English
Record 17, Subject field(s)
- Biological Sciences
Record 17, Main entry term, English
- enzyme label
1, record 17, English, enzyme%20label
correct
Record 17, Abbreviations, English
Record 17, Synonyms, English
Record 17, Textual support, English
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Ideally the enzyme labels should be stable, and the chemical reactions should not affect the activity of the enzyme when it is measured. Equally the specific interaction between antibody and antigen or hapten should not be altered by the combination with enzyme. Haptens are small molecules, for example, drugs, steroids which are not usually immunogenic but which become so when coupled to a larger carrier protein. 1, record 17, English, - enzyme%20label
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS
See "enzyme marker". 2, record 17, English, - enzyme%20label
Record 17, French
Record 17, Domaine(s)
- Sciences biologiques
Record 17, Main entry term, French
- enzyme marqueur
1, record 17, French, enzyme%20marqueur
correct, masculine noun
Record 17, Abbreviations, French
Record 17, Synonyms, French
Record 17, Textual support, French
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'enzyme qui sera utilisée pour le marquage devra posséder la plus grande partie, sinon toutes les caractéristiques suivantes : une activité spécifique élevée et un nombre de transfert, elle ne doit pas perdre de partie substantielle de son activité catalytique après couplage, elle doit être stable à la température du laboratoire et enfin, elle doit pouvoir être achetée dans le commerce. Tout ceci explique pourquoi, jusqu'à présent, les enzymes marqueurs sont limitées à un petit nombre; parmi celles-ci, la peroxydase de raifort est l'enzyme de premier choix. 1, record 17, French, - enzyme%20marqueur
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Ne pas confondre avec "enzyme marqueur", voir "enzyme marker". 2, record 17, French, - enzyme%20marqueur
Record 17, Spanish
Record 17, Textual support, Spanish
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