TERMIUM Plus^®

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Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder(ANSD) is a hearing disorder characterized by a disruption in the transmission of sound signals from the inner ear to the brain. This results in difficulty understanding speech and perceiving sounds, despite having normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. ANSD can be caused by various factors, including genetic mutations, premature birth, or exposure to certain medications or infections.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - auditory%20neuropathy%20spectrum%20disorder

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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[...] affection dans laquelle les émissions otoacoustiques [...] d'un patient sont (ou ont été à un moment donné) présentes, et les réponses auditives du tronc cérébral sont au contraire anormales ou absentes.  2, fiche 1, Français, - affection%20du%20spectre%20des%20neuropathies%20auditives

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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gas laser in which laser action results from molecular transitions. Output is in infrared part of spectrum.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - molecular%20laser

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en général, le laser moléculaire contient un mélange de gaz carbonique, d'azote et d'hélium.  2, fiche 2, Français, - laser%20mol%C3%A9culaire

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Alcohol-related brain damage(ARBD) is a term used to cover a spectrum of disorders affecting memory, executive functioning, and judgement induced by chronic and heavy alcohol consumption that results in some degree of brain damage or dysfunction.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - alcohol%2Drelated%20brain%20damage

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Ozone is formed in the stratosphere by the combination of O₂ and atomic oxygen in the presence of a third body, usually on the surface of a particulate. The atomic oxygen results from the photolytic dissociation of oxygen. Absorption by oxygen takes place primarily in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum; the major part of the ozone absorption takes place only in the ultraviolet region.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - atomic%20oxygen

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Development of ZnO semiconductor sensors for atomic oxygen (AO) detection.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - atomic%20oxygen

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Tropospheric ozone is considered an irritant gas; it forms under the influence of sunlight especially during summer days. Several toxic precursor substances like NOx catalyse the breakdown of molecular oxygen, rendering an aggressive free radical monoatomic oxygen, which then combines with molecular oxygen to form a three-atomic and instable ozone molecule.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - atomic%20oxygen

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Pour les longueurs d'onde inférieures à 320 nm, un deuxième mécanisme entre en compétition : O₃ + hv [donne] O₂ + O^1D produisant de l'oxygène atomique dans un état électroniquement excité O^1D et dont le rendement quantique atteint environ 0,9 à 305 nm et reste pratiquement constant aux longueurs d'onde inférieures.  4, fiche 4, Français, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

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[...] l'union de l'oxygène atomique avec l'oxygène moléculaire donne naissance à l'ozone, ce corps étant le principal parmi ce que les aéronomes appellent aujourd'hui les constituants minoritaires de l'atmosphère.  5, fiche 4, Français, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

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Le dépôt d'oxydes pose des problèmes spécifiques : en effet, pour assurer la bonne stœchiométrie en oxygène, il s'avère nécessaire d'utiliser de l'oxygène atomique, oxydant plus puissant que l'oxygène moléculaire O₂.  6, fiche 4, Français, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

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L'ozone est créé lorsque le rayonnement ultra-violet (lumière solaire) pénètre la stratosphère, dissociant (ou «éclatant») une petite partie de l'oxygène moléculaire (O₂) en atomes d'oxygène (O). L'oxygène atomique se recombine alors très rapidement avec l'oxygène moléculaire pour former de l'ozone.  7, fiche 4, Français, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

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Les gaz de la stratosphère. On y découvrit de l'oxygène monoatomique simple (O, et non O₂ comme d'habitude), de l'azote monoatomique, du sodium et du lithium. De plus, de l'oxygène triple (O₃ ou ozone) fut repéré avec une concentration maximale vers l'altitude de 24 km.  3, fiche 4, Français, - oxyg%C3%A8ne%20atomique

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Solspec spectrometer jointly developed by the Aeronomy Department of the CNRS and the Space Aeronomy Institute of Belgium, flown several times during the Atlas missions, successfully characterised the solar spectrum. A version has been prepared to be flown on the space station. These results are used in models of the atmosphere.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - SOLSPEC%20spectrometer

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ESA has bartered access to three NASA-provided external mounting adaptors (~ 1 m² each) on the International Space Station (ISS) for early utilisation before the mounting sites on ESA’s Columbus Orbital Facility become available in 2003. Three of the four space science instruments will be combined in the Solar Monitoring Observatory. These three complementary instruments will measure the solar spectral irradiance with unprecedented accuracy across almost the whole spectrum (17-3000 nm). This range carries 99% of the Sun’s energy emission. Apart from the contributions to solar and stellar physics, knowledge of the solar energy flux (and its variations) entering the Earth’s atmosphere is of great importance for atmospheric modelling, atmospheric chemistry and climatology. The three instruments are: SOVIM (solar variability and irradiance monitor); SOLSPEC (solar spectral irradiance measurements); SOL-ACES (auto-calibrating extreme ultraviolet and ultraviolet spectrometers). They will be mounted on the ESA-developed Course Pointing Device (CPD) with a pointing accuracy of the order of 1° to compensate for ISS motions.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - SOLSPEC%20spectrometer

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Solspec spectrometer: term officially approved by the International Space Station Terminology Approval Group (ISSTAG).  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - SOLSPEC%20spectrometer

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Le spectromètre SOLSPEC (SOLar SPECtrum) [...] est un spectromètre international conçu pour étudier le rayonnement solaire UV [ultraviolet], visible et IR [infrarouge] depuis l'espace [...] L'IASB [Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique] est impliqué tant dans le développement que la mise en œuvre et l'interprétation des mesures générées par cet instrument.  1, fiche 5, Français, - spectrom%C3%A8tre%20SOLSPEC

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L'expérience de physique solaire Solspec [...] mesurera, quant à elle, la distribution énergétique spectrale solaire dans l'ultraviolet et dans le visible infrarouge. Cette mesure est d'une grande importance pour l'étude des processus photochimiques qui régissent le comportement des espèces chimiques dans l'atmosphère et pour les études de climatologie en corrélation avec l'activité solaire.  3, fiche 5, Français, - spectrom%C3%A8tre%20SOLSPEC

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spectromètre Solspec : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  4, fiche 5, Français, - spectrom%C3%A8tre%20SOLSPEC

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A photopeak at 511 keV in a gamma-ray spectrum, produced by the annihilation of an electron and positron, which results in the production of two photons of approximately 511 keV each(only one of which is usually detected).  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - annihilation%20peak

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Pic photoélectrique de 511 keV dans un spectre de rayon gamma, produit par annihilation d'un électron et d'un positron, qui se traduit par la création de deux photons d'environ 511 keV chacun, dont un seul est normalement détecté.  2, fiche 6, Français, - pic%20d%27annihilation

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... Charnock's formula for the atmospheric side makes physically much more sense than for the ocean side. For the atmosphere, one can imagine a wind blowing over roughness elements somehow related to the wave height. This is not quite correct, because waves are constantly moving and changing their shape, but it yields reasonable results. For the ocean side, however, you have breaking waves injecting turbulence into the ocean. So the length-scale of turbulence near the surface is more likely connected to the turbulence spectrum caused by the breaking events, rather than to the wave height. This implies that Charnock's formula lacks a clear physical interpretation. People use it mainly for the lack of better models.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - Charnock%27s%20formula

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Evaluation of LM [Lokal-Modell] wind speed forecast. ... offshore: Charnock formula (wind - wave interaction).  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - Charnock%27s%20formula

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The water roughness model. ... The basis of the model is the well known formula of Charnock (1955) for surface roughness of the sea, stating that roughness increases with increasing wind speed.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - Charnock%27s%20formula

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La formule de Charnock est utilisée pour faire évoluer la longueur de rugosité (uniquement sur océan libre) [...]  1, fiche 7, Français, - formule%20de%20Charnock

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Power amplifier linearization is employed in a variety of microwave communication systems. It is an effective method that results in significantly higher output power operation for the power amplifier. Without Linearization, system constraints, such as intermodulation noise, spectrum spreading and BER performance, make it necessary to operate the power amplifier in a backed off mode.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - backed%2Doff%20mode

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Acute ischemia results in a spectrum of deleterious effects, ranging from transient depression of contractile function(myocardial "stunning" and "hibernation") to severe abnormalities, such as reperfusion-induced lethal arrhythmias and accelerated myocardial cell death(both necrosis and apoptosis).  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - myocardial%20stunning

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Il existe quatre formes reconnues de lésions de reperfusion («reperfusion injury» des anglo-saxons) [...] : les arythmies de reperfusion, les dommages vasculaires et le phénomène de «no-reflow», la sidération myocardique («myocardial stunning»), et la nécrose de reperfusion.  1, fiche 9, Français, - sid%C3%A9ration%20myocardique

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The representation of domain expertise in a computer can be in one of two forms. One form is as a "glass-box" or articulate model ... The model is referred to as "articulate" because each problem-solving decision it makes can ... be explained in terms that match ... those of a human problem-solver. In contrast to the articulate expert is the "black-box" expert, which has data structures and processing algorithms that do not mimic those used by human beings.  6, fiche 10, Anglais, - articulate%20expert

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An expert system is called glass box if you can see how it arrives at its answer. MATHPERT can print out the individual steps of its solution, with their justifications. (We use the word "solution" to mean such a sequence of intelligible steps, whose last line is the "answer".)  5, fiche 10, Anglais, - articulate%20expert

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Expert modules can be classified along a spectrum ranging from completely opaque or "black-box" representations, whereby only final results are available, to fully transparent or "glass-box" ones, whereby each reasoning step can be inspected and interpreted.... whether opaque or transparent, the expert module may achieve its performance...  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - articulate%20expert

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In an ideally transparent system, this [pedagogical] expertise can be stored in the form of general principles expressed declaratively and interpreted into actual decisions.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - articulate%20expert

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Système expert qui, avant de présenter le résultat ou la conclusion, explique toutes les étapes de résolution d'un problème de même que ses décisions stratégiques.  1, fiche 10, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20expert%20transparent

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S'oppose à «système expert opaque».  1, fiche 10, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20expert%20transparent

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The communicability of models of expertise will surface continually. Expert models can be classified along a spectrum ranging from completely opaque or "black-box" representations, whereby only final results an available, to fully transparent or "glass-box" ones, whereby each reasoning step can be inspected an interpreted.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - communicability

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Capacité d'un système IA de communiquer avec un utilisateur expert aussi bien qu'avec un novice.  1, fiche 11, Français, - communicabilit%C3%A9

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Absorption which results in the transition from the singlet ground state of the molecule into singlet excited states... and leads to the uv/visible absorption spectrum.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - singlet%2Dsinglet%20absorption

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Une absorption qui conduit à une transition d'un état fondamental singulet de la molécule à des états excités singulets [...] et qui est à l'origine des spectres d'absorption uv/visible.  1, fiche 12, Français, - absorption%20singulet%2Dsingulet

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Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The representation of domain expertise in a computer can be in one of two forms. One form is as a "glass-box" or articulate model ... The model is referred to as "articulate" because each problem-solving decision it makes can ... be explained in terms that match ... those of a human problem-solver. In contrast to the articulate expert is the "black-box" expert, which has data structures and processing algorithms that do not mimic those used by human beings.  3, fiche 13, Anglais, - black%2Dbox%20expert

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... the circuit simulator underlying SOPHIE-1 ... is a black-box expert, and is used only to check the consistency of student’s hypotheses and answer some of his questions. Its mechanisms are never revealed to the student since they are certainly not the mechanisms the student is expected to acquire.  3, fiche 13, Anglais, - black%2Dbox%20expert

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Although there are some excellent chess machines, they rely on nonhuman strategies for achieving their expertise, that is, they are black-box experts.  3, fiche 13, Anglais, - black%2Dbox%20expert

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Expert modules can be classified along a spectrum ranging from completely opaque or "black-box" representations, whereby only final results are available, to fully transparent or "glass-box" ones, whereby each reasoning step can be inspected and interpreted.  4, fiche 13, Anglais, - black%2Dbox%20expert

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As opposed to "glass-box expert system."  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - black%2Dbox%20expert

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Système expert qui fait abstraction de toutes les étapes de résolution d'un problème pour ne présenter que les résultats, éliminant du même coup les possibilités de vérification et d'interprétation.  1, fiche 13, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20expert%20opaque

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S'oppose à «système expert transparent».  1, fiche 13, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20expert%20opaque

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol