TERMIUM Plus^®

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An increase in the average cost per unit of production, as production rises, because of the exceedingly large scale on which the producer operates.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

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At some point, when marginal cost equals average cost, a plant will stop yielding economies of scale; it will then be at a point where diseconomies of scale begin, with each extra unit of output costing more than the average cost and thus being unprofitable. In other words, a plant can produce both too little and too much.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

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This [diseconomy of scale] can be due to internal factors: for example, the firm may become so big that it becomes increasingly costly and difficult to manage and operate. Or it can be due to external factors, such as increased pollution clean-up costs due to the concentration of major industries along the same river or lake system.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

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diseconomy of scale; diminishing return to scale: terms usually used in the plural.  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - diseconomy%20of%20scale

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Diminution de l'efficience constatée lorsque la quantité produite croît moins rapidement que les quantités de facteurs de production mis en œuvre, résultant en une hausse du coût de revient du produit.  1, fiche 1, Français, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

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déséconomie d'échelle; rendement d'échelle décroissant : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  3, fiche 1, Français, - d%C3%A9s%C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Por oposición a las economías de escala, la situación que se crea, pérdida de control y de disminución de productividad, como consecuencia de la dimensión excesiva - por encima del óptimo - de una empresa, de una ciudad o de una colectividad de cualquier otro tipo. Pueden superarse a través de medidas de racionalización, llegando incluso a la subdivisión del conjunto en partes más fácilmente gobernables por separado.  1, fiche 1, Espagnol, - deseconom%C3%ADa%20de%20escala

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The supply curve or schedule gives the relation between the prices [P] and the quantities [Q] of a good that producers will-other things equal-be willing to sell. Most usually, supply curves rise upward and to the right :diminishing returns implies that higher P is needed to coax out higher-cost extra Q.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - diminishing%20return

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... a state where there is no reason for diminishing returns to operate, since all factors grow in balance, and where all economies of large-scale production have already been realized...  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - constant%20returns%20to%20scale

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... perfect competition is best maintained when there are "constant returns to scale" when all factors are increased simultaneously in the same proportion.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - constant%20returns%20to%20scale

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The law of diminishing returns asserts that, after a point, as we add more and more equal doses of a variable input(such as labor) to a fixed input(such as land), the amount of extra product will fall off.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - variable%20input

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The firm's demand curve for any factor is given by its curve of marginal-revenue-product for that factor, a curve which declines because of(1) diminishing physical returns and(2) the downward slope of the MR8 curve that usually prevails under imperfect competition.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - curve%20of%20marginal%2Drevenue%2Dproduct

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... where were scale matters much, the tendency for land fixity to force diminishing extra returns to labor could be thwarted for a long time by an increase in the total labor scale involved.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - land%20fixity

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The law of diminishing returns does in fact hold, our experiment can have but one result : the second extra labor unit will add less extra output than did the first. Adding a third extra unit of labor will, if diminishing return holds, result in still lower extra output.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - extra%20output

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... where mere scale matters much, the tendency for land fixity to force diminishing extra returns to labor could be thwarted for a long time by an increase in the total labor scale involved.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - diminishing%20extra%20returns%20to%20labor

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Diminishing returns occur when some factors are increased and others are held constant, so that the proportions in which factors are combined are disturbed. Returns to scale result from the increase of all factors, retaining the optimum combination of these factors.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - return%20to%20scale

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return to scale: term usually used in the plural.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - return%20to%20scale

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On observe des rendements décroissants lorsque la quantité utilisée de certains facteurs est accrue et celle d'autres facteurs maintenue constante, de sorte que l'on bouleverse les proportions dans lesquelles s'effectue la combinaison des facteurs. Les rendements d'échelle sont dus à l'augmentation de tous les facteurs, la combinaison optimale de ces facteurs étant conservée.  3, fiche 9, Français, - rendement%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

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rendement d'échelle; rendement à l'échelle : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  4, fiche 9, Français, - rendement%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

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La loi des rendements décroissants nous apprend que l'emploi d'unités successives d'un facteur de production variable, alors que les autres facteurs demeurent constants, se traduit habituellement par des accroissements marginaux dans la production totale qui cessent d'augmenter après un certain point et se mettent à diminuer.  2, fiche 10, Français, - loi%20des%20rendements%20d%C3%A9croissants

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Entre los economistas clásicos estaba muy extendida la idea de la existencia de una tendencia al declive de los beneficios, debido al aumento de la competencia y a la excesiva acumulación de capital.  3, fiche 10, Espagnol, - ley%20de%20rendimientos%20decrecientes

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Décroissance de la productivité marginale d'un facteur de production à mesure que la quantité utilisée de ce facteur augmente.  1, fiche 11, Français, - rendement%20marginal%20d%C3%A9croissant

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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If at first there is increasing returns, there is at first declining MC [Marginal Cost]-ultimately followed by diminishing returns and increasing MC.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - increasing%20return

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Usually in plural.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - increasing%20return

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Furthermore, the State is saturated with Lottery advertisements at ballparks, diners and in the media--at some level, advertising saturation reaches a point of diminishing returns and is no longer an effective marketing tool.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - advertising%20saturation

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On parle aussi de saturation publicitaire lorsqu'un message, un film de télévision par exemple a été trop utilisé et se trouve rejeté par le public.  1, fiche 13, Français, - saturation%20publicitaire

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Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Ottawa: The Sub-Committee, 1995.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - Economic%20impact%20of%20recent%20immigration%20%3A%20first%20report%20of%20the%20Sub%2DCommittee%20on%20Diminishing%20Returns%20%3A%20eighth%20report%20of%20the%20Standing%20Committee%20on%20Citizenship%20an%20Immigration

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Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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One where production becomes progressively more difficult and/or higher cost. This can happen in mining, for example, as tunnelling is extended or as mines become worked out.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - diminishing%20returns%20industry

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The pressure on bank liquidity tends to be of diminishing force; the law of diminishing returns  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - diminishing

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La pression sur les trésoreries bancaires va en décroissant; la loi des rendements décroissants.  1, fiche 16, Français, - en%20r%C3%A9gression

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Rapport du C.D. Howe Institute.  1, fiche 17, Français, - Diminishing%20Returns%3A%20The%20Economics%20of%20Canada%27s%20Recent%20Immigration%20Policy

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Rapport de l'Institut C.D. Howe/Laurier Institution présenté à la Chambre des communes au Comité permanent de la citoyenneté et de l'immigration.  1, fiche 18, Français, - Diminishing%20Returns

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Most of the benefits of foreign investment are economic in nature.... There is no strong "noneconomic" or social argument for foreign ownership or control as an ethical end in itself.... the economic argument for continuing to permit, or encourage, foreign ownership is that infusions of capital from abroad raise the productivity of Canadian labor. In this way they raise GNP, and make it possible for the population to grow without diminishing returns.  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - foreign%20ownership

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Possession totale ou partielle de certaines ressources nationales par des compagnies ou des particuliers d'autres pays.  3, fiche 19, Français, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re

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The principle of increasing and decreasing returns ... is a variation of the principle of balance. It affirms that larger and larger amounts of agents in production will produce larger and larger net returns up to a certain point at which the maximum value will have been developed, and beyond which any additional investment will not produce a return commensurate with the investment.  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - principle%20of%20increasing%20and%20decreasing%20returns

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Le principe des revenus croissants et décroissants certifie que le revenu net sera de plus en plus imposant dans la mesure d'une contribution de plus en plus grande des facteurs de production mais seulement jusqu'à un certain niveau (auquel la valeur maximum aura été atteinte) et au-delà duquel tout investissement additionnel ne produira pas un revenu net proportionnel à ces investissements additionnels.  1, fiche 20, Français, - principe%20des%20revenus%20croissants%20et%20d%C3%A9croissants

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Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A valuation principle which states that when successive increments of one or more factors of production are added to fixed amounts of the other factors there is a resulting enhancement of income (in dollars, benefits, or amenities), initially at an increasing rate to a point of maximum return and then decreasing until eventually the increment to value becomes increasingly less than the value of the added factor (or factors).  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - increasing%20and%20decreasing

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The law of diminishing returns applies to most cases of practice. Where there are no returns(no improvement) the practice has reached its limit.  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - practice%20limit

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Having acknowledged the law of increasing costs(...), we now examine implications of the related law of diminishing returns.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - law%20of%20increasing%20costs

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We can summarize the relationship between the productivity laws of returns and the laws of Marginal Cost : A tendency for varying factors to show diminishing returns when applied to fixed factors implies a tendency for MC to be rising.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - law%20of%20Marginal%20Cost

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Historical studies suggest that, for America and the West generally, the tendency toward falling interest rates via diminishing returns has been just about canceled out by technological progress : though real wage rates have been rising, the real interest return on capital has not been generally falling in this century as would have been expected from a primitive classical analysis of capital accumulation.  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - real%20interest%20return

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There are still gains from trade; but because of diminishing returns and increasing costs, there is not so much specialization as before and not quite such large gains. Note that at the equilibrium point, where no further trade is possible, relative(extra, or "marginal") production costs in the two countries are equal(...)  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - relative%20extra%20production%20cost

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The firm's demand curve for any factor is given by its curve of marginal-revenue-product for that factor, a curve which declines because of(1) diminishing physical returns and(2) the downward slope of the MR curve that usually prevails under imperfect competition.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - diminishing%20physical%20returns

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Show how diminishing returns and countertendencies are linked with the theory of optimum population.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - countertendency

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With cassette technology pushed near the point of diminishing returns it just had to happen. There are other spinoffs of the original planar cartridge : the Unisette by BASF of Germany and the Elcaset from a Japanese consortium [approx. 6 x 4 1/8 x 3/4 inches as compared to the compact cassette : approx. 4 x 2 1/2 x 1/2 inches]  2, fiche 29, Anglais, - Elcaset

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(...) les Japonais, en accord avec les Américains, sortent maintenant une maxi-cassette appelée Elcasset légèrement plus grande que le cartridge (152 x 106 mm et 18 mm d'épaisseur), qui devrait satisfaire la majorité des amateurs de Hi-Fi grâce à ses qualités supérieures par rapport à tous les autres modèles (...)  1, fiche 29, Français, - Elcasset

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The law of diminishing returns, we see, could be renamed the "law of diminishing marginal-physical-product".  1, fiche 30, Anglais, - law%20of%20diminishing%20marginal%2Dphysical%2Dproduct

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Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The law of diminishing returns : An increase in some inputs relative to other fixe inputs will, in a given state of technology, cause total output to increase : but after a point the extra output resulting from the same additions of extra inputs is likely to become less and less. This falling off of extra returns is a consequence of the fact that the new "doses" of the varying resources have less and less of the fixed resources to work with.  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - extra%20return

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Often [the law of diminishing returns] will hold only after you have added a considerable number of equal doses of the varying factor.(...) Before such a point the varying factors might be yielding increasing extra returns, since until then we might find that adding extra varying inputs to a fixed input leads to increasing rather than diminishing extra outputs(...)  1, fiche 32, Anglais, - fixed%20input

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